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Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLM) have made significant progress in the field of document analysis. Despite this, existing benchmarks typically focus only on extracting text and simple layout information, neglecting the complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Lei Chen , Feng Yan , Yujie Zhong , Shaoxiang Chen , Zequn Jie , Lin Ma

Large language models (LLMs) hold potential for mental healthcare applications, particularly in cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based counseling, where reward models play a critical role in aligning LLMs with preferred therapeutic…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yougen Zhou , Qin Chen , Ningning Zhou , Jie Zhou , Liang He

Generating accurate step-by-step reasoning is essential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to address complex problems and enhance robustness and interpretability. Despite the flux of research on developing advanced reasoning approaches,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Shibo Hao , Yi Gu , Haotian Luo , Tianyang Liu , Xiyan Shao , Xinyuan Wang , Shuhua Xie , Haodi Ma , Adithya Samavedhi , Qiyue Gao , Zhen Wang , Zhiting Hu

Multimodal large language models have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities in various visual tasks. However, their abilities in K12 scenarios are still systematically underexplored. Previous studies suffer from various limitations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chong Li , Chenglin Zhu , Tao Zhang , Mingan Lin , Zenan Zhou , Jian Xie

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have aimed to integrate and interpret data across diverse modalities. However, the capacity of these models to concurrently process and reason about multiple modalities remains…

Despite the remarkable advancements and widespread applications of deep neural networks, their ability to perform reasoning tasks remains limited, particularly in domains requiring structured, abstract thought. In this paper, we investigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Satyam Goyal , Soham Dan

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which integrate language and visual cues for problem-solving, are crucial for advancing artificial general intelligence (AGI). However, current benchmarks for measuring the intelligence of MLLMs…

Existing reasoning evaluation frameworks for Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) predominantly assess either text-based reasoning or vision-language understanding capabilities, with limited dynamic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Jixuan Leng , Chengsong Huang , Langlin Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin , William W. Cohen , Haohan Wang , Jiaxin Huang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit plateauing performance on conventional benchmarks, a pivotal challenge persists: evaluating their proficiency in complex, open-ended tasks characterizing genuine expert-level cognition. Existing…

Benchmarks are the de facto standard for tracking progress in large language models (LLMs), yet static test sets can rapidly saturate, become vulnerable to contamination, and are costly to refresh. Scalable evaluation of open-ended items…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Yandan Zheng , Haoran Luo , Zhenghong Lin , Wenjin Liu , Luu Anh Tuan

Process-supervised reward models (PRMs) excel at providing step-by-step verification for large language model (LLM) outputs in domains like mathematics and coding. However, their application to fields lacking ground-truth answers, such as…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have showcased significant improvements in mathematics. However, traditional math benchmarks like GSM8k offer a unidimensional perspective, falling short in providing a holistic assessment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Hongwei Liu , Zilong Zheng , Yuxuan Qiao , Haodong Duan , Zhiwei Fei , Fengzhe Zhou , Wenwei Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

Process-supervised reward models serve as a fine-grained function that provides detailed step-wise feedback to model responses, facilitating effective selection of reasoning trajectories for complex tasks. Despite its advantages, evaluation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Haoqin Tu , Weitao Feng , Hardy Chen , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Cihang Xie

The evaluation and improvement of medical large language models (LLMs) are critical for their real-world deployment, particularly in ensuring accuracy, safety, and ethical alignment. Existing frameworks inadequately dissect domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Luyi Jiang , Jiayuan Chen , Lu Lu , Xinwei Peng , Lihao Liu , Junjun He , Jie Xu

Reward models (RMs) play a critical role in enhancing the reasoning performance of LLMs. For example, they can provide training signals to finetune LLMs during reinforcement learning (RL) and help select the best answer from multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Qiyuan Liu , Hao Xu , Xuhong Chen , Wei Chen , Yee Whye Teh , Ning Miao

Structure reasoning is a fundamental capability of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to reason about structured commonsense and answer multi-hop questions. However, existing benchmarks for structure reasoning mainly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhuohang Jiang , Pangjing Wu , Ziran Liang , Peter Q. Chen , Xu Yuan , Ye Jia , Jiancheng Tu , Chen Li , Peter H. F. Ng , Qing Li

Clinical reasoning in medicine is a hypothesis-driven process where physicians refine diagnoses from limited information through targeted history, physical examination, and diagnostic investigations. In contrast, current medical benchmarks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Christopher Chiu , Silviu Pitis , Mihaela van der Schaar

Enhancing large language models (LLMs) with real-time APIs can help generate more accurate and up-to-date responses. However, evaluating the function calling abilities of LLMs in real-world scenarios remains under-explored due to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Lucen Zhong , Zhengxiao Du , Xiaohan Zhang , Haiyi Hu , Jie Tang

Recently developed large language models (LLMs) have been shown to perform remarkably well on a wide range of language understanding tasks. But, can they really "reason" over the natural language? This question has been receiving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Mihir Parmar , Nisarg Patel , Neeraj Varshney , Mutsumi Nakamura , Man Luo , Santosh Mashetty , Arindam Mitra , Chitta Baral