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Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are revolutionizing the field of computing education with their powerful code-generating capabilities. Traditional pedagogical practices have focused on code writing tasks, but there is now a shift in importance…

Iterative evaluation of LLMs during training is essential to ensure expected capability development, but can be time- and compute-intensive. While NLU tasks, where the model selects from fixed answer choices, are cheap to evaluate,…

Intermediate variables can be used to break complex expressions into more manageable smaller expressions, which may be easier to understand. But it is unclear when and whether this actually helps. We conducted an experiment in which…

Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using large language language models (LLMs) in passage ranking. The listwise approaches, such as RankGPT, have become new state-of-the-art in this task. However, the efficiency of…

A proper code evaluation metric (CEM) profoundly impacts the evolution of code generation, which is an important research field in NLP and software engineering. Prevailing match-based CEMs (e.g., BLEU, Accuracy, and CodeBLEU) suffer from…

Qualification has been recently introduced as a generalization of uncertainty in the field of Logic Programming. In this report we investigate a more expressive language for First-Order Functional Logic Programming with Constraints and…

Classes on compiler technology are commonly found in Computer Science curricula, covering aspects of parsing, semantic analysis, intermediate transformations and target code generation. This paper reports on introducing certified…

In Programming by Example, a system attempts to infer a program from input and output examples, generally by searching for a composition of certain base functions. Performing a naive brute force search is infeasible for even mildly involved…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive results on diverse code-related tasks, benefiting from large-scale training and instruction tuning. However, studies reveal that their grasp of fundamental programming concepts,…

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GPT-4, StarCoder, and CodeLlama, are transforming the way developers approach programming by automatically generating code based on given natural language descriptions. Despite advancements, generating…

Programming-by-Examples (PBE) aims to generate an algorithm from input-output examples. Such systems are practically and theoretically important: from an end-user perspective, they are deployed to millions of people, and from an AI…

Answering visual queries is a complex task that requires both visual processing and reasoning. End-to-end models, the dominant approach for this task, do not explicitly differentiate between the two, limiting interpretability and…

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have become popular among programming students. Students use LLMs to assist them in programming courses, including generating source code. Previous work has evaluated the…

Code generation is to automatically generate source code conforming to a given programming specification, which has received extensive attention especially with the development of large language models (LLMs). Due to the inherent difficulty…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to open-ended, interpretive annotation tasks, such as thematic analysis by researchers or generating feedback on student work by teachers. These tasks involve free-text annotations…

Code completion is an important feature of integrated development environments (IDEs). It allows developers to produce code faster, especially novice ones who are not fully familiar with APIs and others code. Previous works on code…

We analyzed effectiveness of three generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) models in answering multiple-choice question (MCQ) assessments, often involving short snippets of code, from introductory and intermediate programming courses at…

Code completion is an essential feature of IDEs, yet current autocompleters are restricted to either grammar-based or NLP-based single token completions. Both approaches have significant drawbacks: grammar-based autocompletion is restricted…

We describe test code generation using Large Language Models (LLMs) in Ericsson. Our input is a test step in natural language (English) and our output is code (Java) which accomplishes the test step. We describe how straight forward…