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Autonomous driving is undergoing a shift from modular rule based pipelines toward end to end (E2E) learning systems. This paper examines this transition by tracing the evolution from classical sense perceive plan control architectures to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eduardo Nebot , Julie Stephany Berrio Perez

Recent advancements in end-to-end autonomous driving systems (ADSs) underscore their potential for perception and planning capabilities. However, challenges remain. Complex driving scenarios contain rich semantic information, yet ambiguous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Haowen Jiang , Xinyu Huang , You Lu , Dingji Wang , Yuheng Cao , Chaofeng Sha , Bihuan Chen , Keyu Chen , Xin Peng

Unlike discriminative approaches in autonomous driving that predict a fixed set of candidate trajectories of the ego vehicle, generative methods, such as diffusion models, learn the underlying distribution of future motion, enabling more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Liuhan Yin , Runkun Ju , Guodong Guo , Erkang Cheng

Automated creation of synthetic traffic scenarios is a key part of validating the safety of autonomous vehicles (AVs). In this paper, we propose Scenario Diffusion, a novel diffusion-based architecture for generating traffic scenarios that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Ethan Pronovost , Meghana Reddy Ganesina , Noureldin Hendy , Zeyu Wang , Andres Morales , Kai Wang , Nicholas Roy

World models have gained significant attention as a promising approach for autonomous driving. By emulating human-like perception and decision-making processes, these models can predict and adapt to dynamic environments. Existing methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Huiqian Li , Wei Pan , Haodong Zhang , Jin Huang , Zhihua Zhong

Realistic and interactive scene simulation is a key prerequisite for autonomous vehicle (AV) development. In this work, we present SceneDiffuser, a scene-level diffusion prior designed for traffic simulation. It offers a unified framework…

Autonomous driving systems face significant challenges in perceiving complex environments and making real-time decisions. Traditional modular approaches, while offering interpretability, suffer from error propagation and coordination…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Siyi Lu , Run Liu , Dongsheng Yang , Lei He

Diffusion-based data augmentation (DiffDA) has emerged as a promising approach to improving classification performance under data scarcity. However, existing works vary significantly in task configurations, model choices, and experimental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Zekun Li , Yinghuan Shi , Yang Gao , Dong Xu

End-to-End autonomous driving (E2E-AD) has emerged as a new paradigm, where trajectory planning plays a crucial role. Existing studies mainly follow two directions: trajectory generation oriented, which focuses on producing high-quality…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Bin Sun , Yaoguang Cao , Yan Wang , Rui Wang , Jiachen Shang , Xiejie Feng , Jiayi Lu , Jia Shi , Shichun Yang , Xiaoyu Yan , Ziying Song

Bird's eye view (BEV) perception is becoming increasingly important in the field of autonomous driving. It uses multi-view camera data to learn a transformer model that directly projects the perception of the road environment onto the BEV…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Rui Song , Runsheng Xu , Andreas Festag , Jiaqi Ma , Alois Knoll

End-to-end autonomous driving provides a feasible way to automatically maximize overall driving system performance by directly mapping the raw pixels from a front-facing camera to control signals. Recent advanced methods construct a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zeyu Gao , Yao Mu , Chen Chen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Ping Luo , Yanfeng Lu

In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end deep neural network model for autonomous driving that takes monocular image sequence as input, and directly generates the steering control angle. Firstly, we model the end-to-end driving problem…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Peng Wan , Zhenbo Song , Jianfeng Lu

End-to-end autonomous driving models generate future trajectories from multi-view inputs, improving system integration but introducing opaque decisions and hard-to-localize risks. Existing methods either rely on auxiliary monitoring models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Le Yang , Ruoyu Chen , Haijun Liu , Jiawei Liang , ShangQuan Sun , Xiaochun Cao

Recent progress in image generation has sparked research into controlling these models through condition signals, with various methods addressing specific challenges in conditional generation. Instead of proposing another specialized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Xirui Li , Charles Herrmann , Kelvin C. K. Chan , Yinxiao Li , Deqing Sun , Chao Ma , Ming-Hsuan Yang

In end-to-end autonomous driving,the motion prediction plays a pivotal role in ego-vehicle planning. However, existing methods often rely on globally aggregated motion features, ignoring the fact that planning decisions are primarily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bin Sun , Boao Zhang , Jiayi Lu , Xinjie Feng , Jiachen Shang , Rui Cao , Mengchao Zheng , Chuanye Wang , Shichun Yang , Yaoguang Cao , Ziying Song

Urban scene synthesis with video generation models has recently shown great potential for autonomous driving. Existing video generation approaches to autonomous driving primarily focus on RGB video generation and lack the ability to support…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Guile Wu , David Huang , Dongfeng Bai , Bingbing Liu

End-to-end autonomous driving (AD) systems increasingly adopt vision-language-action (VLA) models, yet they typically ignore the passenger's emotional state, which is central to comfort and AD acceptance. We introduce Open-Domain End-to-End…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yihong Tang , Haicheng Liao , Tong Nie , Junlin He , Ao Qu , Kehua Chen , Wei Ma , Zhenning Li , Lijun Sun , Chengzhong Xu

In an era marked by the rapid scaling of foundation models, autonomous driving technologies are approaching a transformative threshold where end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD) emerges due to its potential of scaling up in the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xiaosong Jia , Zhenjie Yang , Qifeng Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

The bird's-eye-view (BEV) representation allows robust learning of multiple tasks for autonomous driving including road layout estimation and 3D object detection. However, contemporary methods for unified road layout estimation and 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Curie Kim , Ue-Hwan Kim

High infraction rates remain the primary bottleneck for end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving, as evidenced by the low driving scores on the CARLA Leaderboard. Despite collision-related infractions being the dominant failure mode in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alex Koran , Dimitrios Sinodinos , Hadi Hojjati , Takuya Nanri , Fangge Chen , Narges Armanfard