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We introduce hybrid execution in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), a new paradigm in which agents aim to successfully complete cooperative tasks with arbitrary communication levels at execution time by taking advantage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Pedro P. Santos , Diogo S. Carvalho , Miguel Vasco , Alberto Sardinha , Pedro A. Santos , Ana Paiva , Francisco S. Melo

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can find an optimal policy for a single agent to accomplish a particular task. However, many real-world problems require multiple agents to collaborate in order to achieve a common goal. For example, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Jan Corazza , Hadi Partovi Aria , Hyohun Kim , Daniel Neider , Zhe Xu

Real-world multi-agent tasks usually involve dynamic team composition with the emergence of roles, which should also be a key to efficient cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Drawing inspiration from the correlation…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zican Hu , Zongzhang Zhang , Huaxiong Li , Chunlin Chen , Hongyu Ding , Zhi Wang

This paper introduces ACTLLM (Action Consistency Tuned Large Language Model), a novel approach for robot manipulation in dynamic environments. Traditional vision-based systems often struggle to learn visual representations that excel in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Jing Bi , Lianggong Bruce Wen , Zhang Liu , Chenliang Xu

Large language models (LLM) have recently shown the extraordinary ability to perform unseen tasks based on few-shot examples provided as text, also known as in-context learning (ICL). While recent works have attempted to understand the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Harmon Bhasin , Timothy Ossowski , Yiqiao Zhong , Junjie Hu

Natural-language dialog is key for intuitive human-robot interaction. It can be used not only to express humans' intents, but also to communicate instructions for improvement if a robot does not understand a command correctly. Of great…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Leonard Bärmann , Rainer Kartmann , Fabian Peller-Konrad , Jan Niehues , Alex Waibel , Tamim Asfour

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) faces significant challenges in task sequencing and curriculum design, particularly for cooperative coordination scenarios. While curriculum learning has demonstrated success in single-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Farhaan Ebadulla , Dharini Hindlatti , Srinivaasan NS , Apoorva VH , Ayman Aftab

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) approaches tackle the challenge of finding effective multi-agent cooperation strategies for accomplishing individual or shared objectives in multi-agent teams. In real-world scenarios,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yasin Findik , Paul Robinette , Kshitij Jerath , S. Reza Ahmadzadeh

In-context learning (ICL) with dynamically selected demonstrations combines the flexibility of prompting large language models (LLMs) with the ability to leverage training data to improve performance. While ICL has been highly successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shivanshu Gupta , Sameer Singh , Ashish Sabharwal , Tushar Khot , Ben Bogin

Imitation learning (IL) enables agents to mimic expert behaviors. Most previous IL techniques focus on precisely imitating one policy through mass demonstrations. However, in many applications, what humans require is the ability to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Xiong-Hui Chen , Junyin Ye , Hang Zhao , Yi-Chen Li , Haoran Shi , Yu-Yan Xu , Zhihao Ye , Si-Hang Yang , Anqi Huang , Kai Xu , Zongzhang Zhang , Yang Yu

Mobile manipulation is a fundamental capability for general-purpose robotic agents, requiring both coordinated control of the mobile base and manipulator and robust perception under dynamically changing viewpoints. However, existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Jiahao Liu , Cui Wenbo , Zhongpu Xia , Haoran Li , Dongbin Zhao

Transformer-based multimodal large language models often exhibit in-context learning (ICL) abilities. Motivated by this phenomenon, we ask: how do transformers learn to associate information across modalities from in-context examples? We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yiran Huang , Karsten Roth , Quentin Bouniot , Wenjia Xu , Zeynep Akata

In-Context Learning (ICL) allows Large Language Models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks with just a few examples, but their predictions often suffer from systematic biases, leading to unstable performance in classification. While calibration…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-05 Korel Gundem , Juncheng Dong , Dennis Zhang , Vahid Tarokh , Zhengling Qi

In-context learning (ICL) is an important yet not fully understood ability of pre-trained large language models (LLMs). It can greatly enhance task performance using a few examples, termed demonstrations, without fine-tuning. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Do Xuan Long , Duong Ngoc Yen , Do Xuan Trong , Luu Anh Tuan , Kenji Kawaguchi , Shafiq Joty , Min-Yen Kan , Nancy F. Chen

Preventing collisions in multi-robot navigation is crucial for deployment. This requirement hinders the use of learning-based approaches, such as multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), on their own due to their lack of safety…

While many robotic tasks can be addressed using either centralized single-agent control with full state observation or decentralized multi-agent control, clear criteria for choosing between these approaches remain underexplored. This paper…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) in Traffic Signal Control (TSC) faces significant hurdles in real-world deployment due to limited generalization to dynamic traffic flow variations. Existing approaches often overfit static patterns and use…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Sheng-You Huang , Hsiao-Chuan Chang , Yen-Chi Chen , Ting-Han Wei , I-Hau Yeh , Sheng-Yao Kuan , Chien-Yao Wang , Hsuan-Han Lee , I-Chen Wu

In-Context Learning (ICL) has significantly expanded the general-purpose nature of large language models, allowing them to adapt to novel tasks using merely the inputted context. This has motivated a series of papers that analyze tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Core Francisco Park , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Itamar Pres , Hidenori Tanaka

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exciting progress in acquiring diverse new capabilities through in-context learning, ranging from logical reasoning to code-writing. Robotics researchers have also explored using LLMs to…

Advances in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) enable sequential decision making for a range of exciting multi-agent applications such as cooperative AI and autonomous driving. Explaining agent decisions is crucial for improving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Kayla Boggess , Sarit Kraus , Lu Feng