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Quantum information processing and computing tasks can be understood as quantum networks, comprising quantum states and channels and possible physical transformations on them. It is hence pertinent to estimate the change in informational…

Forgetfulness is a common feature of nature. Moreover, without forgetfulness, repeatability would be impossible. Despite this, small systems constantly leak information about their state to their surroundings, and quantum mechanics tells us…

This article traces the development of fluctuation theory and its deep connection to irreversibility, from equilibrium to near-equilibrium, and finally to far-from-equilibrium systems. Classical fluctuation theorems, which capture the…

Classical Bayes' rule lays the foundation for the classical causal relation between cause (input) and effect (output). This causal relation is believed to be universally true for all physical processes. Here we show, on the contrary, that…

Recently probabilistic hysteresis in isolated Hamiltonian systems of ultracold atoms has been studied in the limit of large particle numbers, where a semiclassical treatment is adequate. The origin of irreversibility in these sweep…

Bayesian inversion is central to the quantification of uncertainty within problems arising from numerous applications in science and engineering. To formulate the approach, four ingredients are required: a forward model mapping the unknown…

Recent investigations into the physical nature of information and fundamental limits to information transmission have revealed questions such as the possibility of superluminal data transfer or not; and whether reversible computation…

We argue that it is fundamentally impossible to recover information about quantum superpositions when a system has interacted with a sufficiently large number of degrees of freedom of the environment. This is due to the fact that gravity…

The increasing ease of data capture and storage has led to a corresponding increase in the choice of data, the type of analysis performed on that data, and the complexity of the analysis performed. The main contribution of this paper is to…

In statistical inference, retrodiction is the act of inferring potential causes in the past based on knowledge of the effects in the present and the dynamics leading to the present. Retrodiction is applicable even when the dynamics is not…

Using the retrodictive approach of quantum physics, we show that the state retrodicted from the response of a measurement apparatus is a convenient tool to fully characterize its quantum properties. We translate in terms of this state some…

Involving only the measurements of commuting observables - the problem-setting and the corresponding solution - quantum algorithms should be subject to classical logic. This would allow flanking their customary quantum description with a…

More than a century after the inception of quantum theory, the question of which traits and phenomena are fundamentally quantum remains under debate. Here we give an answer to this question for temporal processes which are probed…

Quantum technology has led to increasingly sophisticated and complex quantum devices. Assessing their reliability (quantum reliability) is an important issue. Although reliability theory for classical devices has been well developed in…

It is shown that a coherent understanding of all quantized phenomena, including those governed by unitary evolution equations as well as those related to irreversible quantum measurements, can be achieved in a scenario of successive…

Quantum mechanics relates probability of an observable event to the absolute square of the corresponding probability amplitude. It may, therefore, seem that the information about the amplitudes' phases must be irretrievably lost in the…

The second law of thermodynamics states that entropy increases (or does not change) by time in an isolated system. As microscopic physical laws are reversible, the origin of irreversibility is not straightforward. Although the outcome of a…

We derive quantitative relations among several naturally defined measures of classical and nonclassical correlations in a bipartite quantum state. We also obtain an upper bound of entanglement irreversibility and a sufficient condition for…

If the unitary quantum mechanical state evolution is universally valid, quantized systems evolve uniformly, deterministically, and reversible; that is, one-to-one. Hence, what is considered an irreversible measurement might be a purely…

Recent advances in our understanding of foundations of quantum mechanics have shown that information can be made objective through quantum states. Such objectification processes, predicted e.g. in a variety of quantum open systems, must…