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Despite the progress we have recorded in the last few years in multilingual natural language processing, evaluation is typically limited to a small set of languages with available datasets which excludes a large number of low-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Hannah Liu , Xiaoyu Shen , Nikita Vassilyev , Jesujoba O. Alabi , Yanke Mao , Haonan Gao , Annie En-Shiun Lee

Large language models (LLMs) provide detailed and impressive responses to queries in English. However, are they really consistent at responding to the same query in other languages? The popular way of evaluating for multilingual performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ashim Gupta , Maitrey Mehta , Zhichao Xu , Vivek Srikumar

The unprecedented performance of large language models (LLMs) requires comprehensive and accurate evaluation. We argue that for LLMs evaluation, benchmarks need to be comprehensive and systematic. To this end, we propose the ZhuJiu…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Baoli Zhang , Haining Xie , Pengfan Du , Junhao Chen , Pengfei Cao , Yubo Chen , Shengping Liu , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in both academia and industry due to their remarkable performance in various applications such as visual question answering, visual perception, understanding, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jian Li , Weiheng Lu , Hao Fei , Meng Luo , Ming Dai , Min Xia , Yizhang Jin , Zhenye Gan , Ding Qi , Chaoyou Fu , Ying Tai , Wankou Yang , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He

Large language models (LLMs) are advancing rapidly in medical NLP, yet Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) with its distinctive ontology, terminology, and reasoning patterns requires domain-faithful evaluation. Existing TCM benchmarks are…

We present AraLingBench: a fully human annotated benchmark for evaluating the Arabic linguistic competence of large language models (LLMs). The benchmark spans five core categories: grammar, morphology, spelling, reading comprehension, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Sina Mukalled , Nadine Rizk , Fatima Karnib , Issam Lakkis , Ammar Mohanna , Bernard Ghanem

The instruction-following capabilities of large language models (LLMs) are pivotal for numerous applications, from conversational agents to complex reasoning systems. However, current evaluations predominantly focus on English models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Dongjun Kim , Chanhee Park , Chanjun Park , Heuiseok Lim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong generalization across tasks in high-resource languages; however, their linguistic competence in low-resource and morphologically rich languages such as Tamil remains largely unexplored.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jeyarajalingam Varsha , Menan Velayuthan , Sumirtha Karunakaran , Rasan Nivethiga , Kengatharaiyer Sarveswaran

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased profound capabilities in language understanding and generation, facilitating a wide array of applications. However, there is a notable paucity of detailed, open-sourced methodologies on…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) process visual, acoustic, and textual inputs, addressing the limitations of single-modality LLMs. However, existing benchmarks often overlook tri-modal evaluation in Traditional Chinese and do not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Jui-Ming Yao , Bing-Cheng Xie , Sheng-Wei Peng , Hao-Yuan Chen , He-Rong Zheng , Bing-Jia Tan , Peter Shaojui Wang , Shun-Feng Su

Large language models (LLMs) have become the foundation of many applications, leveraging their extensive capabilities in processing and understanding natural language. While many open-source LLMs have been released with technical reports,…

Clinical language processing has received a lot of attention in recent years, resulting in new models or methods for disease phenotyping, mortality prediction, and other tasks. Unfortunately, many of these approaches are tested under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-30 Travis R. Goodwin , Dina Demner-Fushman

The performance of large language models (LLMs) on existing reasoning benchmarks has significantly improved over the past years. In response, we present JEEBench, a considerably more challenging benchmark dataset for evaluating the problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Daman Arora , Himanshu Gaurav Singh , Mausam

Recently, Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have progressed rapidly, demonstrating their strong efficacy in universal audio understanding through cross-modal integration. To evaluate LALMs' audio understanding performance, researchers…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Han Yin , Jung-Woo Choi

Currently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable results in machine translation. However, their performance in multi-domain translation (MDT) is less satisfactory, the meanings of words can vary across different domains,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Zhibo Man , Yuanmeng Chen , Yujie Zhang , Jinan Xu

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP), yet open-source multilingual LLMs remain scarce, with existing models often limited in language coverage. Such models typically prioritize well-resourced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiran Zhao , Chaoqun Liu , Yue Deng , Jiahao Ying , Mahani Aljunied , Zhaodonghui Li , Lidong Bing , Hou Pong Chan , Yu Rong , Deli Zhao , Wenxuan Zhang

We address a notable gap in Natural Language Processing (NLP) by introducing a collection of resources designed to improve Machine Translation (MT) for low-resource languages, with a specific focus on African languages. First, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-15 AbdelRahim Elmadany , Ife Adebara , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual contexts, yet their consistency across languages on politically sensitive topics remains understudied. This paper presents a systematic bilingual benchmark study…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Ju-Chun Ko

The success of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) benchmarks in various languages, such as GLUE for English, CLUE for Chinese, KLUE for Korean, and IndoNLU for Indonesian, has facilitated the evaluation of new NLU models across a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Phong Nguyen-Thuan Do , Son Quoc Tran , Phu Gia Hoang , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen