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Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have achieved remarkable success across a wide range of fields. However, their trustworthiness remains a significant concern, as they are still susceptible to jailbreak attacks aimed at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Zhen Liang , Hai Huang , Zhengkui Chen

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but remain vulnerable to visual adversarial perturbations that can induce hallucinations, manipulate responses, or bypass safety mechanisms. Existing methods seek to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Hashmat Shadab Malik , Fahad Shamshad , Muzammal Naseer , Karthik Nandakumar , Fahad Khan , Salman Khan

Optimization methods are widely employed in deep learning to identify and mitigate undesired model responses. While gradient-based techniques have proven effective for image models, their application to language models is hindered by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Zi Wang , Divyam Anshumaan , Ashish Hooda , Yudong Chen , Somesh Jha

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across diverse natural language processing tasks, but their growing power also amplifies potential risks such as jailbreak attacks that circumvent built-in safety mechanisms.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Qinjian Zhao , Jiaqi Wang , Zhiqiang Gao , Zhihao Dou , Belal Abuhaija , Kaizhu Huang

Security alignment enables the Large Language Model (LLM) to gain the protection against malicious queries, but various jailbreak attack methods reveal the vulnerability of this security mechanism. Previous studies have isolated LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xiaohu Li , Yunfeng Ning , Zepeng Bao , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Tieyun Qian

The integration of visual information into Large Language Models (LLMs) has enabled Multimodal LLMs (MLLMs), but the quadratic memory and computational costs of Transformer architectures remain a bottleneck. Existing KV cache eviction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xindian Ma , Yidi Lu , Peng Zhang , Jing Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) excel in vision-language tasks but also pose significant risks of generating harmful content, particularly through jailbreak attacks. Jailbreak attacks refer to intentional manipulations that bypass…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Yi Nian , Shenzhe Zhu , Yuehan Qin , Li Li , Ziyi Wang , Chaowei Xiao , Yue Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) exhibit impressive performance, yet the integration of powerful vision encoders has significantly broadened their attack surface, rendering them increasingly susceptible to jailbreak attacks. However, lacking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Jiaxin Song , Yixu Wang , Jie Li , Rui Yu , Yan Teng , Xingjun Ma , Yingchun Wang

Large vision-language models (VLMs) are highly vulnerable to multimodal jailbreak attacks that exploit visual-textual interactions to bypass safety guardrails. In this paper, we present DTR, a novel inference-time defense that mitigates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Tanqiu Jiang , Jiacheng Liang , Rongyi Zhu , Jiawei Zhou , Fenglong Ma , Ting Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, where adversaries exploit textual or visual triggers to bypass safety guardrails. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yi Wang , Hongye Qiu , Yue Xu , Sibei Yang , Zhan Qin , Minlie Huang , Wenjie Wang

Despite extensive alignment efforts, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, posing serious safety risks. To address this, existing detection methods either learn attack-specific parameters, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shuang Liang , Zhihao Xu , Jialing Tao , Hui Xue , Xiting Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite advanced general capabilities, still suffer from numerous safety risks, especially jailbreak attacks that bypass safety protocols. Understanding these vulnerabilities through black-box jailbreak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yao Huang , Yitong Sun , Shouwei Ruan , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Xingxing Wei

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Feiyue Xu , Hongsheng Hu , Chaoxiang He , Sheng Hang , Hanqing Hu , Xiuming Liu , Yubo Zhao , Zhengyan Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Shi-Feng Sun , Dawu Gu , Shuo Wang

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have achieved great success with the growing model size. LLMs' size grows by $240\times$ every two years, which outpaces the hardware progress and makes model inference increasingly costly.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Cong Guo , Jiaming Tang , Weiming Hu , Jingwen Leng , Chen Zhang , Fan Yang , Yunxin Liu , Minyi Guo , Yuhao Zhu

Large foundation models (LFMs) are susceptible to two distinct vulnerabilities: hallucinations and jailbreak attacks. While typically studied in isolation, we observe that defenses targeting one often affect the other, hinting at a deeper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Haibo Jin , Peiyan Zhang , Peiran Wang , Man Luo , Haohan Wang

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Jailbreak attacks reveal critical vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by causing them to generate harmful or unethical content. Evaluating these threats is particularly challenging due to the evolving nature of LLMs and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Peiyan Zhang , Haibo Jin , Liying Kang , Haohan Wang

Large language models (LLMs) are widely applied in various fields of society due to their powerful reasoning, understanding, and generation capabilities. However, the security issues associated with these models are becoming increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yanxu Mao , Peipei Liu , Tiehan Cui , Zhaoteng Yan , Congying Liu , Datao You

The field of computer vision has experienced significant advancements through scalable vision encoders and multimodal pre-training frameworks. However, existing approaches often treat vision encoders and large language models (LLMs) as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Eugene Lee , Ting-Yu Chang , Jui-Huang Tsai , Jiajie Diao , Chen-Yi Lee

Jailbreak attacks induce Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate harmful responses, posing severe misuse threats. Though research on jailbreak attacks and defenses is emerging, there is no consensus on evaluating jailbreaks, i.e., the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Delong Ran , Jinyuan Liu , Yichen Gong , Jingyi Zheng , Xinlei He , Tianshuo Cong , Anyu Wang