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Humans learn how and when to apply forces in the world via a complex physiological and psychological learning process. Attempting to replicate this in vision-language models (VLMs) presents two challenges: VLMs can produce harmful behavior,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 William Xie , Enora Rice , Nikolaus Correll

Ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values is critical as they become integral to applications like translation and question answering. Current alignment methods struggle with dynamic user intentions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Rima Hazra , Sayan Layek , Somnath Banerjee , Soujanya Poria

Large audio-language models (LALMs) extend text-based LLMs with auditory understanding, offering new opportunities for multimodal applications. While their perception, reasoning, and task performance have been widely studied, their safety…

The safety of large language models (LLMs) has increasingly emerged as a fundamental aspect of their development. Existing safety alignment for LLMs is predominantly achieved through post-training methods, which are computationally…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sicheng Shen , Mingyang Lv , Han Shen , Jialin Wu , Binghao Wang , Zhou Yang , Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Feifei Zhao , Yi Zeng

The widespread use of cameras in our society has created an overwhelming amount of video data, far exceeding the capacity for human monitoring. This presents a critical challenge for public safety and security, as the timely detection of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pascal Benschop , Cristian Meo , Justin Dauwels , Jelte P. Mense

Studying the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) to unsafe behaviors is an important topic of research today. Building safety classification models or guard models, which are fine-tuned models for input/output safety classification…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Sowmya Vajjala

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks, yet their internal safety mechanisms remain opaque and poorly controlled. In this work, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jinhu Fu , Yihang Lou , Qingyi Si , Shudong Zhang , Yan Bai , Sen Su

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained considerable prominence in recent years due to their remarkable capability to effectively integrate and process both textual and visual information. This integration has significantly enhanced…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Aobotao Dai , Xinyu Ma , Lei Chen , Songze Li , Lin Wang

Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in understanding complex real-world scenarios and supporting data-driven decision-making processes. However, VLMs exhibit significant vulnerability against adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xiaosen Wang , Shaokang Wang , Zhijin Ge , Yuyang Luo , Shudong Zhang

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models leverage pretrained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) as backbones to map images and instructions to actions, demonstrating remarkable potential for generalizable robotic manipulation. To enhance performance,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Jiabing Yang , Yixiang Chen , Yuan Xu , Peiyan Li , Xiangnan Wu , Zichen Wen , Bowen Fang , Tao Yu , Zhengbo Zhang , Yingda Li , Kai Wang , Jing Liu , Nianfeng Liu , Yan Huang , Liang Wang

While there has been progress towards aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and ensuring safe behaviour at inference time, safety guards can easily be removed when fine tuned on unsafe and harmful datasets. While this…

As Large Language Models (LLMs) receive increasing attention and are being deployed across various domains, their potential risks, including generating harmful or biased content, producing unsupported claims, and exhibiting vulnerabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Wai Man Si , Mingjie Li , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to control robotic systems such as drones, but their risks of causing physical threats and harm in real-world applications remain unexplored. Our study addresses the critical gap in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yung-Chen Tang , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

The increasing availability of traffic videos functioning on a 24/7/365 time scale has the great potential of increasing the spatio-temporal coverage of traffic accidents, which will help improve traffic safety. However, analyzing footage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Ruixuan Zhang , Beichen Wang , Juexiao Zhang , Zilin Bian , Chen Feng , Kaan Ozbay

Vision-language models (VLMs) may memorize undesirable information from training data, motivating growing interest in machine unlearning. In this work, we present the first systematic survey and robustness analysis of VLM unlearning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yujie Lin , Kaidi Jia , Jiayao Ma , Chengyi Yang , Jinsong Su

Unified vision-language models (VLMs) promise to streamline computer vision pipelines by reframing multiple visual tasks such as classification, detection, and keypoint localization within a single language-driven interface. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Conor Wallace , Isaac Corley , Jonathan Lwowski

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in vision-language reasoning tasks, yet ensuring their safety remains a critical challenge. Recent input-side defenses detect unsafe images with CLIP and prepend safety…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Xingyu Zhu , Beier Zhu , Junfeng Fang , Shuo Wang , Yin Zhang , Xiang Wang , Xiangnan He

The deployment of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought forth a unique vulnerability: susceptibility to malicious attacks through visual inputs. This paper investigates the novel challenge of defending MLLMs against such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Renjie Pi , Tianyang Han , Jianshu Zhang , Yueqi Xie , Rui Pan , Qing Lian , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Tong Zhang

Safety alignment is crucial to ensure that large language models (LLMs) behave in ways that align with human preferences and prevent harmful actions during inference. However, recent studies show that the alignment can be easily compromised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 ShengYun Peng , Pin-Yu Chen , Matthew Hull , Duen Horng Chau

Uncertainty quantification is essential for assessing the reliability and trustworthiness of modern AI systems. Among existing approaches, verbalized uncertainty, where models express their confidence through natural language, has emerged…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weihao Xuan , Qingcheng Zeng , Heli Qi , Junjue Wang , Naoto Yokoya