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This is a tutorial paper on Recurrent Neural Network (RNN), Long Short-Term Memory Network (LSTM), and their variants. We start with a dynamical system and backpropagation through time for RNN. Then, we discuss the problems of gradient…
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs), particularly long short-term memory (LSTM), have gained much attention in automatic speech recognition (ASR). Although some successful stories have been reported, training RNNs remains highly challenging,…
Cortical networks are hypothesized to rely on transient network activity to support short term memory (STM). In this paper we study the capacity of randomly connected recurrent linear networks for performing STM when the input signals are…
Recurrent neural networks with a gating mechanism such as an LSTM or GRU are powerful tools to model sequential data. In the mechanism, a forget gate, which was introduced to control information flow in a hidden state in the RNN, has…
The advantage of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) in learning dependencies between time-series data has distinguished RNNs from other deep learning models. Recently, many advances are proposed in this emerging field. However, there is a…
Recent breakthroughs in recurrent deep neural networks with long short-term memory (LSTM) units has led to major advances in artificial intelligence. State-of-the-art LSTM models with significantly increased complexity and a large number of…
In machine learning, it is very important for a robot to be able to estimate dynamics from sequences of input data. This problem can be solved using a recurrent neural network. In this paper, we will discuss the preprocessing of 10 states…
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and specifically a variant with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), are enjoying renewed interest as a result of successful applications in a wide range of machine learning problems that involve sequential data.…
Previous RNN architectures have largely been superseded by LSTM, or "Long Short-Term Memory". Since its introduction, there have been many variations on this simple design. However, it is still widely used and we are not aware of a…
We study singularly perturbed systems that exhibit input-to-state stability (ISS) with fixed-time properties in the presence of bounded disturbances. In these systems, solutions converge to the origin within a time frame independent of…
Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) with sophisticated units that implement a gating mechanism have emerged as powerful technique for modeling sequential signals such as speech or electroencephalography (EEG). The latter is the focus on this…
The paper introduces sufficient conditions for input-to-state stability (ISS) of a class of impulsive systems with jump maps that depend on time. Such systems can naturally represent an interconnection of several impulsive systems with…
The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) recurrent neural network is capable of processing complex sequential information since it utilizes special gating schemes for learning representations from long input sequences. It has the potential to…
Long short-term memory (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been shown to give state-of-the-art performance on many speech recognition tasks, as they are able to provide the learned dynamically changing contextual window of all…
The LSTM network was proposed to overcome the difficulty in learning long-term dependence, and has made significant advancements in applications. With its success and drawbacks in mind, this paper raises the question - do RNN and LSTM have…
Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with continuous-time hidden states are a natural fit for modeling irregularly-sampled time series. These models, however, face difficulties when the input data possess long-term dependencies. We prove that…
When the state of a system may remain bounded even if both the input amplitude and energy are unbounded, then the state bounds given by the standard input-to-state stability (ISS) and integral-ISS (iISS) properties may provide no useful…
We study the stability properties of a class of time-varying nonlinear systems. We assume that non-strict input-to-state stable (ISS) Lyapunov functions for our systems are given and posit a mild persistency of excitation condition on our…
Early management and better clinical outcomes for epileptic patients depend on seizure prediction. The accuracy and false alarm rates of existing systems are often compromised by their dependence on static thresholds and basic…
This paper proposes a class of neural ordinary differential equations parametrized by provably input-to-state stable continuous-time recurrent neural networks. The model dynamics are defined by construction to be input-to-state stable (ISS)…