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Code data has been shown to enhance the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs), but it remains unclear which aspects of code are most responsible. We investigate this question with a systematic, data-centric framework. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Abdul Waheed , Zhen Wu , Carolyn Rosé , Daphne Ippolito

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in code generation, largely driven by the availability of high-quality code datasets for effective training. To further improve data quality, numerous training data optimization…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Shiqi Kuang , Zhao Tian , Tao Xiao , Dong Wang , Junjie Chen

Deep Learning (DL) techniques for Natural Language Processing have been evolving remarkably fast. Recently, the DL advances in language modeling, machine translation and paragraph understanding are so prominent that the potential of DL in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Triet H. M. Le , Hao Chen , M. Ali Babar

Large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable for automated code generation, yet the quality and security of their outputs remain a critical concern. Existing studies predominantly concentrate on adversarial attacks or inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bin Wang , YiLu Zhong , MiDi Wan , WenJie Yu , YuanBing Ouyang , Yenan Huang , Hui Li

The performance of neural code search is significantly influenced by the quality of the training data from which the neural models are derived. A large corpus of high-quality query and code pairs is demanded to establish a precise mapping…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Zhensu Sun , Li Li , Yan Liu , Xiaoning Du , Li Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are becoming integral to modern software development workflows, assisting developers with code generation, API explanation, and iterative problem-solving through natural language conversations. Despite…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Suzhen Zhong , Ying Zou , Bram Adams

While several studies have examined the security of code generated by GPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs), most have relied on controlled experiments rather than real developer interactions. This paper investigates the security of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Vladislav Belozerov , Peter J Barclay , Ashkan Sami

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated promising capabilities for code generation. While existing benchmarks evaluate the correctness and efficiency of LLM-generated code, the potential linguistic bias - where code quality varies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Weipeng Jiang , Xuanqi Gao , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma , Xiaoyu Zhang , Ziyan Lei , Chao Shen

Testing is an integral part of the software development process. Yet, writing tests is time-consuming and therefore often neglected. Classical test generation tools such as EvoSuite generate behavioral test suites by optimizing for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Nikitha Rao , Kush Jain , Uri Alon , Claire Le Goues , Vincent J. Hellendoorn

Code completion aims at speeding up code writing by recommending to developers the next tokens they are likely to type. Deep Learning (DL) models pushed the boundaries of code completion by redefining what these coding assistants can do: We…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Matteo Ciniselli , Luca Pascarella , Gabriele Bavota

Generating code via a LLM (rather than writing code from scratch), has exploded in popularity. However, the security implications of LLM-generated code are still unknown. We performed a study that compared the security and quality of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Chun Jie Chong , Zhihao Yao , Iulian Neamtiu

Pretrained models of code, such as CodeBERT and CodeT5, have become popular choices for code understanding and generation tasks. Such models tend to be large and require commensurate volumes of training data, which are rarely available for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Kamel Alrashedy , Vincent J. Hellendoorn , Alessandro Orso

AI code generation tools are transforming software development, especially for novice and non-software developers, by enabling them to write code and build applications faster and with little to no human intervention. Vibe coding is the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Ahmed Fawzy , Amjed Tahir , Kelly Blincoe

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as GitHub Copilot and ChatGPT have become popular among programming students. Students use LLMs to assist them in programming courses, including generating source code. Previous work has evaluated the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Emir Catir , Robin Claesson , Rodothea Myrsini Tsoupidi

Machine learning models trained on code and related artifacts offer valuable support for software maintenance but suffer from interpretability issues due to their complex internal variables. These concerns are particularly significant in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Vahid Majdinasab , Amin Nikanjam , Foutse Khomh

Code intelligence leverages machine learning techniques to extract knowledge from extensive code corpora, with the aim of developing intelligent tools to improve the quality and productivity of computer programming. Currently, there is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Yao Wan , Yang He , Zhangqian Bi , Jianguo Zhang , Hongyu Zhang , Yulei Sui , Guandong Xu , Hai Jin , Philip S. Yu

Large language models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation. Despite significant achievements, they rely on enormous training data to acquire a broad spectrum of open-domain knowledge. Besides, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xiaodong Gu , Meng Chen , Yalan Lin , Yuhan Hu , Hongyu Zhang , Chengcheng Wan , Zhao Wei , Yong Xu , Juhong Wang

Deep learning (DL) models for natural language-to-code generation have become integral to modern software development pipelines. However, their heavy reliance on large amounts of data, often collected from unsanitized online sources,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Cristina Improta

Non-technical end-users increasingly rely on AI code generation to perform technical tasks like data analysis. However, large language models (LLMs) remain unreliable, and it is unclear whether end-users can effectively identify model…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Yuvraj Virk , Dongyu Liu

Fine-tuning on open-source Large Language Models (LLMs) with proprietary data is now a standard practice for downstream developers to obtain task-specific LLMs. Surprisingly, we reveal a new and concerning risk along with the practice: the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zhexin Zhang , Yuhao Sun , Junxiao Yang , Shiyao Cui , Yuanchao Zhang , Hongning Wang , Minlie Huang
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