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Intellectual property protection of deep neural networks is receiving attention from more and more researchers, and the latest research applies model watermarking to generative models for image processing. However, the existing watermarking…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Li Zhang , Yong Liu , Shaoteng Liu , Tianshu Yang , Yexin Wang , Xinpeng Zhang , Hanzhou Wu

Watermarking diffusion-generated images is crucial for copyright protection and user tracking. However, current diffusion watermarking methods face significant limitations: zero-bit watermarking systems lack the capacity for large-scale…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiazheng Xing , Hai Ci , Hongbin Xu , Hangjie Yuan , Yong Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

Inspired by the remarkable success of autoregressive models in language modeling, this paradigm has been widely adopted in visual generation. However, the sequential token-by-token decoding mechanism inherent in traditional autoregressive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Siyang Wang , Hanting Li , Wei Li , Jie Hu , Xinghao Chen , Feng Zhao

The personalization techniques of diffusion models succeed in generating images with specific concepts. This ability also poses great threats to copyright protection and network security since malicious users can generate unauthorized…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Liangqi Lei , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Text-guided image inpainting aims to inpaint masked image regions based on a textual prompt while preserving the background. Although diffusion-based methods have become dominant, their property of modeling the entire image in latent space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Longtao Jiang , Jie Huang , Mingfei Han , Lei Chen , Yongqiang Yu , Feng Zhao , Xiaojun Chang , Zhihui Li

Visual autoregressive (VAR) models generate images through next-scale prediction, naturally achieving coarse-to-fine, fast, high-fidelity synthesis mirroring human perception. In practice, this hierarchy can drift at inference time, as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Youngwoo Shin , Jiwan Hur , Junmo Kim

The widespread deployment of high-fidelity generative models has intensified the need for reliable mechanisms for provenance and content authentication. In-processing watermarking, embedding a signature into the generative model's synthesis…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Anirudh Nakra , Min Wu

Video watermarking embeds a message into a cover video in an imperceptible manner, which can be retrieved even if the video undergoes certain modifications or distortions. Traditional watermarking methods are often manually designed for…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Xiyang Luo , Yinxiao Li , Huiwen Chang , Ce Liu , Peyman Milanfar , Feng Yang

Visual Autoregressive (VAR) models adopt a next-scale prediction paradigm, offering high-quality content generation with substantially fewer decoding steps. However, existing VAR models suffer from significant attention complexity and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ziran Qin , Youru Lv , Mingbao Lin , Hang Guo , Zeren Zhang , Danping Zou , Weiyao Lin

Latent-based diffusion model watermarking embeds watermarks into generated images' latent space to enable content attribution, offering a training-free solution for intellectual property protection and digital forensics. However, these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Jiewei Lai , Lan Zhang , Chen Tang , Pengcheng Sun , Zhaopeng Zhang , Yunhao Wang , Hui Jin

We reinterpret Visual Autoregressive (VAR) models as iterative refinement models to identify which design choices drive their quality-efficiency trade-off. Instead of treating VAR only as next-scale autoregression, we formalise it as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Steve Hong , Samuel Belkadi

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on multimodal reasoning tasks, but their deployment remains challenging due to high inference latency and computational cost, particularly when processing high-resolution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Putu Indah Githa Cahyani , Komang David Dananjaya Suartana , Novanto Yudistira

We propose a high-payload image watermarking method for textual embedding, where a semantic description of the image - which may also correspond to the input text prompt-, is embedded inside the image. In order to be able to robustly embed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Benedetta Tondi , Andrea Costanzo , Mauro Barni

The rapid growth of transformer-based models increases the concerns about their integrity and ownership insurance. Watermarking addresses this issue by embedding a unique identifier into the model, while preserving its performance. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Pierre Fernandez , Guillaume Couairon , Teddy Furon , Matthijs Douze

Visual generation is dominated by three paradigms: AutoRegressive (AR), diffusion, and Visual AutoRegressive (VAR) models. Unlike AR and diffusion, VARs operate on heterogeneous input structures across their generation steps, which creates…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Shikun Sun , Liao Qu , Huichao Zhang , Yiheng Liu , Yangyang Song , Xian Li , Xu Wang , Yi Jiang , Daniel K. Du , Xinglong Wu , Jia Jia

We present Infinity, a Bitwise Visual AutoRegressive Modeling capable of generating high-resolution, photorealistic images following language instruction. Infinity redefines visual autoregressive model under a bitwise token prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Jian Han , Jinlai Liu , Yi Jiang , Bin Yan , Yuqi Zhang , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Xiaobing Liu

Existing deep image watermarking methods follow a fixed embedding-distortion-extraction pipeline, where the embedder and extractor are weakly coupled through a final loss and optimized in isolation. This design lacks explicit collaboration,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Fei Ge , Ying Huang , Jie Liu , Guixuan Zhang , Zhi Zeng , Shuwu Zhang , Hu Guan

Watermarking generative content serves as a vital tool for authentication, ownership protection, and mitigation of potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods face the challenge of balancing robustness and concealment. They empirically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Huayang Huang , Yu Wu , Qian Wang

The rapid advancement of generative AI has underscored the critical need for identifying image ownership and protecting copyrights. This makes post-processing image watermarking an essential tool -- it involves embedding a specific…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinyu Zhang , Ziping Dong , Qingyu Liu , Yuan Hong , Zhongjie Ba , Kui Ren

Digital watermarking has shown its effectiveness in protecting multimedia content. However, existing watermarking is predominantly tailored for specific media types, rendering them less effective for the protection of content displayed on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Xiujian Liang , Gaozhi Liu , Yichao Si , Xiaoxiao Hu , Zhenxing Qian