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Related papers: Dust Clumping in Outer Protoplanetary Disks: the I…

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Gravitational instability of a vertically thin, dusty sheet near the midplane of a protoplanetary disk has long been proposed as a way of forming planetesimals. Before Roche densities can be achieved, however, the dust-rich layer,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 E. Chiang

Several protoplanetary disks observed by ALMA show dust concentrations consistent with particle trapping in giant vortices. The formation and survival of vortices is of major importance for planet formation, because vortices act as particle…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Natascha Manger , Hubert Klahr

Dust at the midplane of a circumstellar disk can become gravitationally unstable and fragment into planetesimals if the local dust-to-gas density ratio mu is sufficiently high. We simulate how dust settles in passive disks and ask how high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 Aaron T. Lee , Eugene Chiang , Xylar Asay-Davis , Joe Barranco

Protoplanetary disks exhibit a vertical gradient in angular momentum, rendering them susceptible to the Vertical Shear Instability (VSI). The most important condition for the onset of this mechanism is a short timescale of thermal…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-18 Thomas Pfeil , Til Birnstiel , Hubert Klahr

Clumping by streaming instability (SI) leading to gravitational collapse is the leading proposed mechanism for forming planetesimals, the building blocks of terrestrial planets and giant-planet cores. The critical dust-to-gas density ratio…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-19 Linn E. J. Eriksson , Ziyan Xu , Jeonghoon Lim , Chao-Chin Yang , Pinghui Huang , Mordecai-Mark Mac Low

The streaming instability is a promising mechanism for planetesimal formation. The instability can rapidly form dense clumps that collapse self-gravitationally, which is efficient for large dust grains with the Stokes number on the order of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Ryosuke T. Tominaga , Hidekazu Tanaka

The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a hydrodynamical instability likely to produce turbulence in the dead zones of protoplanetary disks. Various aspects of this instability remain to be understood, including the disk regions where it…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-19 Julio David Melon Fuksman , Mario Flock , Hubert Klahr

The regions of protoplanetary discs where planets can form are believed to be weakly ionised, suggesting thereby that non-ideal magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) effects play an important role in the disc dynamics and in the planet formation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-14 Arnaud Pierens , Min-Kai Lin

The streaming instability (SI) is a mechanism to aerodynamically concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks and trigger the formation of planetesimals. The SI produces strong particle clumping if the ratio of solid to gas surface density --…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-15 Rixin Li , Andrew Youdin

The streaming instability is a fundamental process that can drive dust-gas dynamics and ultimately planetesimal formation in protoplanetary discs. As a linear instability, it has been shown that its growth with a distribution of dust sizes…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-20 Chao-Chin Yang , Zhaohuan Zhu

Instabilities of the dust layer in a protoplanetary disk are investigated. It is known that the streaming instability develops and dust density concentration occurs in a situation where the initial dust density is uniform. This work…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-29 Naoki Ishitsu , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka , Minoru Sekiya

There is growing evidence that planet formation begins early, within the $\lesssim 1$Myr Class 0/I phase, when infall dominates disk dynamics. Our goal is to determine if Class 0/I disks reach the conditions needed to form planetesimals…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-21 Daniel Carrera , Abigail Davenport , Jacob B. Simon , Hans Baehr , Til Birnstiel , Cassandra Hall , David Rea , Sebastian Stammler

The formation of planetesimals via gravitational instability of the dust layer in a protoplanetary disks demands that there be local patches where dust is concentrated by a factor of $\sim$ a few $\times 10^3$ over the background value.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Philip Chang , Jeffrey S. Oishi

Context. The Dust Settling Instabilty (DSI) is a member of the Resonant Drag Instabilities (RDI) family, and is thus related to the Streaming Instability (SI). Linear calculations found that the unstratified monodisperse DSI has growth…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-10 Hossam Aly , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading mechanism for planetesimal formation, driving the aerodynamic concentration of solids in protoplanetary disks. The SI triggers strong clumping (i.e., strong enough for clumps to collapse) when the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-24 Jeonghoon Lim , Jacob B. Simon , Rixin Li , Olivia Brouillette , David G. Rea , Wladimir Lyra

Damping of the previously discovered resonant drag instability (RDI) of dust streaming in protoplanetary disc is studied using the local approach to dynamics of gas-dust perturbations in the limit of the small dust fraction. Turbulence in a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-04-01 V. V. Zhuravlev

We develop simple, physically motivated models for drag-induced dust-gas streaming instabilities, which are thought to be crucial for clumping grains to form planetesimals in protoplanetary disks. The models explain, based on the physics of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Jonathan Squire , Philip F. Hopkins

The Streaming Instability (SI) is a mechanism to concentrate solids in protoplanetary disks. Nonlinear particle clumping from the SI can trigger gravitational collapse into planetesimals. To better understand the numerical robustness of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-01 Rixin Li , Andrew N. Youdin , Jacob B. Simon

The streaming instability (SI) is a leading candidate for planetesimal formation, which can concentrate solids through two-way aerodynamic interactions with the gas. The resulting concentrations can become sufficiently dense to collapse…

Dust rings in protoplanetary discs are often observed in thermal dust emission and could be favourable environments for planet formation. While dust rings readily form in gas pressure maxima, their long-term stability is key to both their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-10 Kevin Chan , Sijme-Jan Paardekooper