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Due to the low error tolerance of a qubit, detecting and correcting errors on it is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Surface code (SC) associated with its decoding algorithm is one of the most promising quantum error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-15 Yosuke Ueno , Masaaki Kondo , Masamitsu Tanaka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yutaka Tabuchi

To enable fault tolerance on millions of qubits in real time, scalable decoding is necessary, which motivates this paper. Existing decoding algorithms (decoders), such as clustering, matching, belief propagation (BP), and neural networks,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Yanzhang Zhu , Chen-Yu Peng , Yun Hao Chen , Yeong-Luh Ueng , Di Wu

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes with asymptotically non-zero rates are prominent candidates for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation, primarily due to their syndrome-measurement circuit's low operational depth.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Asit Kumar Pradhan , Nithin Raveendran , Narayanan Rengaswamy , Bane Vasić

Fault tolerance in quantum protocols requires contributions from error-correcting codes and their suitable decoders. Quantum Low-Density Parity Check (QLDPC) codes are one of the most explored quantum codes that have good coding rate and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-24 Mainak Bhattacharyya , Ankur Raina

Fault tolerance is a prerequisite for scalable quantum computing. Architectures based on 2D topological codes are effective for near-term implementations of fault tolerance. To obtain high performance with these architectures, we require a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-23 Ben Criger , Imran Ashraf

The error rates of quantum devices are orders of magnitude higher than what is needed to run most quantum applications. To close this gap, Quantum Error Correction (QEC) encodes logical qubits and distributes information using several…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-17 Poulami Das , Aditya Locharla , Cody Jones

Proposals for quantum computing devices are many and varied. They each have unique noise processes that make none of them fully reliable at this time. There are several error correction/avoidance techniques which are valuable for reducing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Mark S. Byrd , Daniel A. Lidar

Mitigating errors in computing and communication systems has seen a great deal of research since the beginning of the widespread use of these technologies. However, as we develop new methods to do computation or communication, we also need…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Oliver Weissl , Evgenii Egorov

Generalized-bicycle (GB) and more general two-block group-algebra (2BGA) quantum error-correcting codes have naturally redundant minimum-weight stabilizer generators. To use this redundancy, we constructed a large number of ``planar'' 2BGA…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Hsiang-Ku Lin , Xingrui Liu , Pak Kau Lim , Leonid P. Pryadko

We study the decoding problem for quantum Tanner codes and propose to exploit the underlying local code structure by grouping check nodes into more powerful generalized check nodes for enhanced iterative belief propagation (BP) decoding by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Olai Å. Mostad , Eirik Rosnes , Hsuan-Yin Lin

In this paper, we propose an iterative source error correction (ISEC) decoding scheme for deep-learning-based joint source-channel coding (Deep JSCC). Given a noisy codeword received through the channel, we use a Deep JSCC encoder and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Changwoo Lee , Xiao Hu , Hun-Seok Kim

Providing closed-form estimates of the decoding failure rate of iterative decoders for low- and moderate-density binary parity-check codes has attracted significant interest in the research community. Recently, interest in this topic has…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Alessandro Annechini , Alessandro Barenghi , Gerardo Pelosi

The surface code is designed to suppress errors in quantum computing hardware and currently offers the most believable pathway to large-scale quantum computation. The surface code requires a 2-D array of nearest-neighbor coupled qubits that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-04 Austin G. Fowler

We consider realistic, multi-parameter error models and investigate the performance of the surface code for three possible fault-tolerant superconducting quantum computer architectures. We map amplitude and phase damping to a diagonal Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-21 Joydip Ghosh , Austin G. Fowler , Michael R. Geller

The subject of this paper is transmission over a general class of binary-input memoryless symmetric channels using error correcting codes based on sparse graphs, namely low-density generator-matrix and low-density parity-check codes. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-03-12 Shrinivas Kudekar , Nicolas Macris

Matching algorithms can be used for identifying errors in quantum systems, being the most famous the Blossom algorithm. Recent works have shown that small distance quantum error correction codes can be efficiently decoded by employing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-27 Savvas Varsamopoulos , Koen Bertels , Carmen G. Almudever

We present a semidefinite program optimization approach to quantum error correction that yields codes and recovery procedures that are robust against significant variations in the noise channel. Our approach allows us to optimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. L. Kosut , A. Shabani , D. A. Lidar

We present a method of concatenated quantum error correction in which improved classical processing is used with existing quantum codes and fault-tolerant circuits to more reliably correct errors. Rather than correcting each level of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-26 Zachary W. E. Evans , Ashley M. Stephens

In this letter, we present a hybrid iterative decoder for non-binary low density parity check (LDPC) codes over binary erasure channel (BEC), based on which the recursion of the erasure probability is derived to design non-binary LDPC codes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-04 Yang Yu , Wen Chen , Lili Wei

In this work, we propose a fully differentiable iterative decoder for quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. The proposed algorithm is composed of classical belief propagation (BP) decoding stages and intermediate graph neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-14 Anqi Gong , Sebastian Cammerer , Joseph M. Renes