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Phishing attacks represent a significant cybersecurity threat, necessitating adaptive detection techniques. This study explores few-shot Adaptive Linguistic Prompting (ALP) in detecting phishing webpages through the multimodal capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Atharva Bhargude , Ishan Gonehal , Dave Yoon , Kaustubh Vinnakota , Chandler Haney , Aaron Sandoval , Kevin Zhu

Phishing attacks targeting both organizations and individuals are becoming an increasingly significant threat as technology advances. Current automatic detection methods often lack explainability and robustness in detecting new phishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Maria Chiper , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Phishing attacks remain a persistent threat to online security, demanding robust detection methods. This study investigates the use of machine learning to identify phishing URLs, emphasizing the crucial role of feature selection and model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Abdullah Fajar , Setiadi Yazid , Indra Budi

Phishing and related cyber threats are becoming more varied and technologically advanced. Among these, email-based phishing remains the most dominant and persistent threat. These attacks exploit human vulnerabilities to disseminate malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sajad U P

With increasingly more sophisticated phishing campaigns in recent years, phishing emails lure people using more legitimate-looking personal contexts. To tackle this problem, instead of traditional heuristics-based algorithms, more adaptive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Yuwei Sun , Ng Chong , Hideya Ochiai

Cyber attacks continue to pose significant threats to individuals and organizations, stealing sensitive data such as personally identifiable information, financial information, and login credentials. Hence, detecting malicious websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Saroj Gopali , Akbar S. Namin , Faranak Abri , Keith S. Jones

PhisNet is a cutting-edge web application designed to detect phishing websites using advanced machine learning. It aims to help individuals and organizations identify and prevent phishing attacks through a robust AI framework. PhisNet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Prashant Kumar , Kevin Antony , Deepakmoney Banga , Arshpreet Sohal

Phishing is one of the most prolific cybercriminal activities, with attacks becoming increasingly sophisticated. It is, therefore, imperative to explore novel technologies to improve user protection across both technical and human…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Giuseppe Desolda , Francesco Greco , Luca Viganò

Anticipating emerging attack methodologies is crucial for proactive cybersecurity. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled the automated generation of phishing messages and accelerated research into potential attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Seiji Sato , Tetsushi Ohki , Masakatsu Nishigaki

Phishing attacks pose a significant cybersecurity threat, evolving rapidly to bypass detection mechanisms and exploit human vulnerabilities. This paper introduces PhishKey to address the challenges of adaptability, robustness, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Felipe Castaño , Eduardo Fidalgo , Enrique Alegre , Rocio Alaiz-Rodríguez , Raul Orduna , Francesco Zola

Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly deployed in cybersecurity applications such as phishing detection and network intrusion prevention. However, these models remain vulnerable to adversarial perturbations small, deliberate input…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mona Rajhans , Vishal Khawarey

Email phishing has become more prevalent and grows more sophisticated over time. To combat this rise, many machine learning (ML) algorithms for detecting phishing emails have been developed. However, due to the limited email data sets on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Mariya Shmalko , Alsharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Tingmin Wu , Hye-Young Paik , Surya Nepal

Recently, we can observe a significant increase of the phishing attacks in the Internet. In a typical phishing attack, the attacker sets up a malicious website that looks similar to the legitimate website in order to obtain the end-users'…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Zijiang Yang

System prompt configuration can make the difference between near-total phishing blindness and near-perfect detection in LLM email agents. We present PhishNChips, a study of 11 models under 10 prompt strategies, showing that prompt-model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ron Litvak

Phishing has grown significantly in the past few years and is predicted to further increase in the future. The dynamics of phishing introduce challenges in implementing a robust phishing detection system and selecting features which can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-24 Rizka Purwanto , Arindam Pal , Alan Blair , Sanjay Jha

Phishing websites remain a significant cybersecurity threat, necessitating accurate and cost-effective detection mechanisms. In this paper, we present CLASP, a novel system that effectively identifies phishing websites by leveraging…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Fouad Trad , Ali Chehab

With increasing technology developments, there is a massive number of websites with varying purposes. But a particular type exists within this large collection, the so-called phishing sites which aim to deceive their users. The main…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Almaha Abuzuraiq , Mouhammd Alkasassbeh , Mohammad Almseidin

The escalating reliance on revolutionary online web services has introduced heightened security risks, with persistent challenges posed by phishing despite extensive security measures. Traditional phishing systems, reliant on machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Saba Aslam , Hafsa Aslam , Arslan Manzoor , Chen Hui , Abdur Rasool

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs), including ChatGPT, is having a significant impact on a wide range of fields. While LLMs have been extensively researched for tasks such as code generation and text synthesis, their application…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Takashi Koide , Naoki Fukushi , Hiroki Nakano , Daiki Chiba

This study examines whether Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) fine-tuned Large Language Models (LLMs) can approximate the performance of fully fine-tuned models in generating human-interpretable decisions and explanations for malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Stephen C. Gravereaux , Sheikh Rabiul Islam