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Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala

Context: Software vulnerabilities pose a significant threat to modern software systems, as evidenced by the growing number of reported vulnerabilities and cyberattacks. These escalating trends underscore the urgent need for effective…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Siyu Chen , Jiongyi Yang , Xiang Chen , Menglin Zheng , Minnan Wei , Xiaolin Ju

Language models (LMs) show promise for vulnerability detection but struggle with long, real-world code due to sparse and uncertain vulnerability locations. These issues, exacerbated by token limits, often cause models to miss…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Xinran Zheng , Xingzhi Qian , Huichi Zhou , Shuo Yang , Yiling He , Suman Jana , Lorenzo Cavallaro

Vulnerability detectors based on deep learning (DL) models have proven their effectiveness in recent years. However, the shroud of opacity surrounding the decision-making process of these detectors makes it difficult for security analysts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Baijun Cheng , Shengming Zhao , Kailong Wang , Meizhen Wang , Guangdong Bai , Ruitao Feng , Yao Guo , Lei Ma , Haoyu Wang

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

Automatically detecting software vulnerabilities is an important problem that has attracted much attention from the academic research community. However, existing vulnerability detectors still cannot achieve the vulnerability detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Zhen Li , Deqing Zou , Shouhuai Xu , Zhaoxuan Chen , Yawei Zhu , Hai Jin

A plethora of jailbreaking attacks have been proposed to obtain harmful responses from safety-tuned LLMs. These methods largely succeed in coercing the target output in their original settings, but their attacks vary substantially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Valentyn Boreiko , Alexander Panfilov , Vaclav Voracek , Matthias Hein , Jonas Geiping

Bug triaging for security vulnerabilities is a critical part of software maintenance, ensuring that the most pressing vulnerabilities are addressed promptly to safeguard system integrity and user data. However, the process is…

Recent advancements in Large Language Model (LLM) safety have primarily focused on mitigating attacks crafted in natural language or common ciphers (e.g. Base64), which are likely integrated into newer models' safety training. However, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Divij Handa , Zehua Zhang , Amir Saeidi , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Md Nayem Uddin , Aswin RRV , Chitta Baral

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) necessitates reliable methods to detect LLM-generated text. We introduce SimMark, a robust sentence-level watermarking algorithm that makes LLMs' outputs traceable without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Amirhossein Dabiriaghdam , Lele Wang

Software vulnerabilities affect all businesses and research is being done to avoid, detect or repair them. In this article, we contribute a new technique for automatic vulnerability fixing. We present a system that uses the rich software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Zimin Chen , Steve Kommrusch , Martin Monperrus

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language processing tasks, yet their application in hardware security verification remains limited due to scarcity of publicly available hardware description…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Touseef Hasan , Blessing Airehenbuwa , Nitin Pundir , Souvika Sarkar , Ujjwal Guin

The application of language models to project-level vulnerability detection remains challenging, owing to the dual requirement of accurately localizing security-sensitive code and correctly correlating and reasoning over complex program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Ziliang Wang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Hao Zhu , Zhi Jin

Safety-critical system's failure or malfunction can cause loss of human lives or damage to the physical environment; therefore, continuous safety assessment is crucial for such systems. In many domains this includes the use of Safety…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Ankit Agrawal , Jane Cleland-Huang

Crash reports are vital for software maintenance since they allow the developers to be informed of the problems encountered in the mobile application. Before fixing, developers need to reproduce the crash, which is an extremely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Yuchao Huang , Junjie Wang , Zhe Liu , Yawen Wang , Song Wang , Chunyang Chen , Yuanzhe Hu , Qing Wang

Software vulnerabilities are commonly exploited as attack vectors in cyberattacks. Hence, it is crucial to identify vulnerable software configurations early to apply preventive measures. Effective vulnerability detection relies on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Devesh Sawant , Manjesh K. Hanawal , Atul Kabra

Software security is crucial in any field where breaches can exploit sensitive data, and lead to financial losses. As a result, vulnerability detection becomes an essential part of the software development process. One of the key steps in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Md. Fahim Sultan , Tasmin Karim , Md. Shazzad Hossain Shaon , Mohammad Wardat , Mst Shapna Akter

Deep Learning (DL)-based methods have proven to be effective for software vulnerability detection, with a potential for substantial productivity enhancements for detecting vulnerabilities. Current methods mainly focus on detecting single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Xin-Cheng Wen , Xinchen Wang , Yujia Chen , Ruida Hu , David Lo , Cuiyun Gao

Large language models (LLMs) are now largely involved in software development workflows, and the code they generate routinely includes third-party library (TPL) imports annotated with specific version identifiers. These version choices can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Chengjie Wang , Jingzheng Wu , Xiang Ling , Tianyue Luo , Chen Zhao

Prior studies generally focus on software vulnerability detection and have demonstrated the effectiveness of Graph Neural Network (GNN)-based approaches for the task. Considering the various types of software vulnerabilities and the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Xin-Cheng Wen , Cuiyun Gao , Feng Luo , Haoyu Wang , Ge Li , Qing Liao