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In this work we show that the size versus accuracy trade-off of neural network quantization can be significantly improved by increasing the quantization dimensionality. We propose the GPTVQ method, a new fast method for post-training vector…

Vector Quantization (VQ) has recently emerged as a promising approach for learning discrete representations of graph-structured data. However, a fundamental challenge, i.e., codebook collapse, remains underexplored in the graph domain,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zian Zhai , Fan Li , Xingyu Tan , Xiaoyang Wang , Wenjie Zhang

Vector quantization(VQ) is a hardware-friendly DNN compression method that can reduce the storage cost and weight-loading datawidth of hardware accelerators. However, conventional VQ techniques lead to significant accuracy loss because the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Shuaiting Li , Chengxuan Wang , Juncan Deng , Zeyu Wang , Zewen Ye , Zongsheng Wang , Haibin Shen , Kejie Huang

Text-to-image diffusion models have emerged as a powerful framework for high-quality image generation given textual prompts. Their success has driven the rapid development of production-grade diffusion models that consistently increase in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Vage Egiazarian , Denis Kuznedelev , Anton Voronov , Ruslan Svirschevski , Michael Goin , Daniil Pavlov , Dan Alistarh , Dmitry Baranchuk

In the realm of image quantization exemplified by VQGAN, the process encodes images into discrete tokens drawn from a codebook with a predefined size. Recent advancements, particularly with LLAMA 3, reveal that enlarging the codebook…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Lei Zhu , Fangyun Wei , Yanye Lu , Dong Chen

We present Channel-wise Vector Quantization (CVQ), a novel image tokenization paradigm that replaces patch-wise tokens with channel-wise tokens. Unlike conventional vector quantization, which assigns a discrete token to each patch feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wei Song , Tianhang Wang , Yitong Chen , Tong Zhang , Zuxuan Wu , Ming Li , Jiaqi Wang , Kaicheng Yu

The Diffusion Transformers Models (DiTs) have transitioned the network architecture from traditional UNets to transformers, demonstrating exceptional capabilities in image generation. Although DiTs have been widely applied to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-02 Juncan Deng , Shuaiting Li , Zeyu Wang , Hong Gu , Kedong Xu , Kejie Huang

Current neural audio codecs typically use residual vector quantization (RVQ) to discretize speech signals. However, they often experience codebook collapse, which reduces the effective codebook size and leads to suboptimal performance. To…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-12 Rui-Chen Zheng , Hui-Peng Du , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Yang Ai , Zhen-Hua Ling

Quantization has been proven to be an effective method for reducing the computing and/or storage cost of DNNs. However, the trade-off between the quantization bitwidth and final accuracy is complex and non-convex, which makes it difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Cheng Gong , Yao Chen , Ye Lu , Tao Li , Cong Hao , Deming Chen

Quantization methods have been introduced to perform large scale approximate nearest search tasks. Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) is one of the effective quantization methods. RVQ uses a multi-stage codebook learning scheme to lower the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2015-09-18 Shicong Liu , Hongtao Lu , Junru Shao

Vector Quantization (VQ) is a method for discretizing latent representations and has become a major part of the deep learning toolkit. It has been theoretically and empirically shown that discretization of representations leads to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Dianbo Liu , Alex Lamb , Xu Ji , Pascal Notsawo , Mike Mozer , Yoshua Bengio , Kenji Kawaguchi

Vector quantization (VQ) is a method for deterministically learning features through discrete codebook representations. Recent works have utilized visual tokenizers to discretize visual regions for self-supervised representation learning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chenjing Ding , Chiyu Wang , Boshi Liu , Xi Guo , Weixuan Tang , Wei Wu

Existing autoregressive models follow the two-stage generation paradigm that first learns a codebook in the latent space for image reconstruction and then completes the image generation autoregressively based on the learned codebook.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mengqi Huang , Zhendong Mao , Quan Wang , Yongdong Zhang

Visual tokenizers are pivotal in multimodal large models, acting as bridges between continuous inputs and discrete tokens. Nevertheless, training high-compression-rate VQ-VAEs remains computationally demanding, often necessitating thousands…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Borui Zhang , Qihang Rao , Wenzhao Zheng , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Quantizing images into discrete representations has been a fundamental problem in unified generative modeling. Predominant approaches learn the discrete representation either in a deterministic manner by selecting the best-matching token or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Jiahui Zhang , Fangneng Zhan , Christian Theobalt , Shijian Lu

Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoders (VQ-VAEs) are designed to compress a continuous input to a discrete latent space and reconstruct it with minimal distortion. They operate by maintaining a set of vectors -- often referred to as the…

Post-training quantization (PTQ) efficiently compresses vision models, but unfortunately, it accompanies a certain degree of accuracy degradation. Reconstruction methods aim to enhance model performance by narrowing the gap between the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Lianwei Yang , Zhikai Li , Junrui Xiao , Haisong Gong , Qingyi Gu

Visual Mamba networks (ViMs) extend the selective state space model (Mamba) to various vision tasks and demonstrate significant potential. As a promising compression technique, vector quantization (VQ) decomposes network weights into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Juncan Deng , Shuaiting Li , Zeyu Wang , Kedong Xu , Hong Gu , Kejie Huang

Product quantisation (PQ) is a classical method for scalable vector encoding, yet it has seen limited usage for latent representations in high-fidelity image generation. In this work, we introduce PQGAN, a quantised image autoencoder that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Denis Zavadski , Nikita Philip Tatsch , Carsten Rother

Vector quantized diffusion (VQ-Diffusion) is a powerful generative model for text-to-image synthesis, but sometimes can still generate low-quality samples or weakly correlated images with text input. We find these issues are mainly due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Zhicong Tang , Shuyang Gu , Jianmin Bao , Dong Chen , Fang Wen