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We propose a novel method to probe primordial gravitational waves by means of primordial black holes (PBHs). When the amplitude of primordial tensor perturbations on comoving scales much smaller than those relevant to Cosmic Microwave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-05-17 Tomohiro Nakama , Teruaki Suyama

Pulsar timing arrays aim to detect nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). A background of GWs modulates pulsar arrival times and manifests as a stochastic process, common to all pulsars, with a signature spatial correlation. Here we…

Primordial density perturbations in the radiation-dominated era of the early Universe are expected to generate stochastic gravitational waves (GWs) due to nonlinear mode coupling. In this \emph{Letter}, we report on a search for such a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-30 Shasvath J. Kapadia , Kanhaiya Lal Pandey , Teruaki Suyama , Shivaraj Kandhasamy , Parameswaran Ajith

We study the formation of primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter and the generation of scalar induced secondary gravitational waves (SIGWs) in a non-supersymmetric model of hybrid inflation with chaotic (polynomial-like) potential,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-27 Waqas Ahmed , M. Junaid , Umer Zubair

One of the primary gravitational wave (GW) sources for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is the stochastic background formed by supermassive black holes binaries (SMBHBs). In this paper, we investigate how the environments of SMBHBs will effect…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-14 Sarah J. Vigeland , Xavier Siemens

The steadily improving sensitivity of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) suggests that gravitational waves (GWs) from supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) systems in the nearby universe will be de- tectable sometime during the next decade.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-07 Joseph Simon , Abigail Polin , Andrea Lommen , Ben Stappers , Lee Samuel Finn , F A Jenet , B Christy

Following the recent evidence for a gravitational wave (GW) background found by pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments, the next major science milestone is resolving individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). The detection of…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-21 Polina Petrov , Levi Schult , Stephen R. Taylor , Nihan Pol , Nima Laal , Maria Charisi , Chung-Pei Ma

We investigate the capability of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) as a probe of primordial black holes (PBHs), which might constitute the Galactic dark matter. A PBH passing nearby the Earth or a pulsar gives an impulse acceleration and induces…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Kazumi. Kashiyama , Naoki. Seto

Large-scale primordial perturbations have been well constrained by current cosmological observations, but the properties of small-scale perturbations remain elusive. This study focuses on second-order induced gravitational waves generated…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Di Wu , Zhi-Chao Li , Peng-Yu Wu , Fei-Yu Chen , Jing-Zhi Zhou

One of the imminent science goals of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is the detection of a continuous gravitational wave (CGW) emitted by an individual supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). SMBHBs that cause CGWs with GW frequencies…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-18 Kathrin Grunthal , Nataliya Porayko , David J. Champion , Michael Kramer

The formation and growth processes of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are not well constrained. SMBH population models, however, provide specific predictions for the properties of the gravitational-wave background (GWB) from binary SMBHs…

Recent pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments have reported strong evidence of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB). If interpreted as primordial gravitational waves (GWs), the signal favors a strongly blue-tilted spectrum.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-14 Mian Zhu , Gen Ye , Yong Cai

The detection of the Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) is essential for understanding black hole populations, especially for supermassive black hole binaries. The recent promising results from various Pulsar Timing Array (PTA)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-14 Yijun Wang , Kris Pardo , Tzu-Ching Chang , Olivier Doré

Long-term precise timing of Galactic millisecond pulsars holds great promise for measuring the long-period (months-to-years) astrophysical gravitational waves. Several gravitational-wave observational programs, called Pulsar Timing Arrays…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Rutger van Haasteren , Yuri Levin , Patrick McDonald , Tingting Lu

The recent detection of gravitational waves (GWs) by pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations spurred a variety of questions regarding the origin of the signal and the properties of its sources. The amplitude of a GW background produced by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-26 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Matias Zaldarriaga

Primordial black holes (PBHs) are supposed to form through the gravitational collapse of regions with large density fluctuations. The formation of PBHs inevitably leads to the emission of scalar-induced gravitational wave (SIGW) signals,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-20 Chen Yuan , De-Shuang Meng , Qing-Guo Huang

After primordial inflation, the universe may have experienced a prolonged reheating epoch, potentially leading to a phase of matter domination supported by the oscillating inflaton field. During such an epoch, perturbations in the inflaton…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-30 Luis E. Padilla , Juan Carlos Hidalgo , Karim A. Malik , David Mulryne

The advent of next generation radio telescope facilities, such as the Square Kilometer Array (SKA), will usher in an era where a Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) based search for gravitational waves (GWs) will be able to use hundreds of well timed…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-19 Yan Wang , Soumya D. Mohanty

Primordial Black Holes (PBH) can form in the early universe and might comprise a significant fraction of the dark matter. Interestingly, they are accompanied by the generation of Gravitational Wave (GW) signals and they could contribute to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-14 G. Franciolini