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Maximizing the computational utility of near-term quantum processors requires predictive noise models that inform robust, noise-aware compilation and error mitigation. Conventional models often fail to capture the complex error dynamics of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yanjun Ji , Marco Roth , David A. Kreplin , Ilia Polian , Frank K. Wilhelm

Quantum error correction (QEC) entails the encoding of quantum information into a QEC code space, measuring error syndromes to properly locate and identify errors, and, if necessary, applying a proper recovery operation. Here we compare…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-28 Yaakov S. Weinstein

We develop a theory for finding quantum error correction (QEC) procedures which are optimized for given noise channels. Our theory accounts for uncertainties in the noise channel, against which our QEC procedures are robust. We demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-10-28 Soraya Taghavi , Robert L. Kosut , Daniel A. Lidar

Current approaches to fault-tolerant quantum computation will not enable useful quantum computation on near-term devices of 50 to 100 qubits. Leading proposals, such as the color code and surface code schemes, must devote a large fraction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-08 Peter D. Johnson , Jonathan Romero , Jonathan Olson , Yudong Cao , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Low-depth random circuit codes possess many desirable properties for quantum error correction but have so far only been analyzed in the code capacity setting where it is assumed that encoding gates and syndrome measurements are noiseless.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-01 Jon Nelson , Gregory Bentsen , Steven T. Flammia , Michael J. Gullans

Quantum computing roadmaps predict the availability of 10,000 qubit devices within the next 3-5 years. With projected two-qubit error rates of 0.1%, these systems will enable certain operations under quantum error correction (QEC) using…

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) is required in quantum computers to mitigate the effect of errors on physical qubits. When adopting a QEC scheme based on surface codes, error decoding is the most computationally expensive task in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-14 Ramon Overwater , Masoud Babaie , Fabio Sebastiano

Fault-tolerant quantum computing will require error rates far below those achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction (QEC) bridges this gap, but depends on decoders being simultaneously fast, accurate, and scalable. This…

Topological quantum codes are intrinsically fault-tolerant to local noise, and underlie the theory of topological phases of matter. We explore geometry to enhance the performance of topological quantum codes by rotating the four dimensional…

Exploring an efficient and scalable architecture of fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) is vital for demonstrating useful quantum computing. Here, we propose and evaluate a scalable and practical architecture with a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Rui Asaoka , Yasunari Suzuki , Yuuki Tokunaga

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is a class of promising techniques capable of reducing the computational error of variational quantum algorithms tailored for current noisy intermediate-scale quantum computers. The recently proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-17 Yifeng Xiong , Soon Xin Ng , Lajos Hanzo

Quantum error correction (QEC) and fault-tolerant quantum computation represent one of the most vital theoretical aspect of quantum information processing. It was well known from the early developments of this exciting field that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Simon J. Devitt , Kae Nemoto , William J. Munro

Quantum technologies work by utilizing properties inherent in quantum systems such as quantum coherence and quantum entanglement and are expected to be superior to classical counterparts for solving certain problems in science and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Quantum computers promise transformative speedups, but environmental noise destroys their fragile states. Conventional quantum error correction (QEC) encodes information redundantly across physical qubits, yet fails above a threshold of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Hikaru Wakaura , Taiki Tanimae

Efficient and accurate decoding of quantum error-correcting codes is essential for fault-tolerant quantum computation, however, it is challenging due to the degeneracy of errors, the complex code topology, and the large space for logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Hanyan Cao , Feng Pan , Dongyang Feng , Yijia Wang , Pan Zhang

Quantum Amplitude Estimation (QAE) -- a technique by which the amplitude of a given quantum state can be estimated with quadratically fewer queries than by standard sampling -- is a key sub-routine in several important quantum algorithms,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-26 Eric G. Brown , Oktay Goktas , W. K. Tham

Practical implementation of quantum error correction is currently limited by near-term quantum hardware. In contrast, quantum error mitigation has demonstrated strong promise for improving the performance of noisy quantum circuits without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-02 Dawei Zhong , William Munizzi , Huo Chen , Wibe Albert de Jong

Progress in fault-tolerant quantum computation (FTQC) has driven the pursuit of practical applications with early fault-tolerant quantum computers (EFTQC). These devices, limited in their qubit counts and fault-tolerance capabilities,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-06 Qiyao Liang , Yiqing Zhou , Archismita Dalal , Peter D. Johnson

Near-term quantum computers must protect fragile coherence against decoherence to deliver useful results. Catalytic quantum error correction (CQEC) addresses this challenge by amplifying residual coherence with a reusable catalyst,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Hikaru Wakaura