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Diffusion models have achieved remarkable advancements in text-to-image generation. However, existing models still have many difficulties when faced with multiple-object compositional generation. In this paper, we propose RealCompo, a new…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinchen Zhang , Ling Yang , Yaqi Cai , Zhaochen Yu , Kai-Ni Wang , Jiake Xie , Ye Tian , Minkai Xu , Yong Tang , Yujiu Yang , Bin Cui

Text-to-image generation models suffer from alignment problems, where generated images fail to accurately capture the objects and relations in the text prompt. Prior work has focused on improving alignment by refining the diffusion process,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Guy Kaplan , Michael Toker , Yuval Reif , Yonatan Belinkov , Roy Schwartz

In recent years, image generation has shown a great leap in performance, where diffusion models play a central role. Although generating high-quality images, such models are mainly conditioned on textual descriptions. This begs the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Guy Yariv , Itai Gat , Lior Wolf , Yossi Adi , Idan Schwartz

Any-to-any generation seeks to translate between arbitrary subsets of modalities, enabling flexible cross-modal synthesis. Despite recent success, existing flow-based approaches are challenged by their inefficiency, as they require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yeonwoo Cha , Semin Kim , Jinhyeon Kwon , Seunghoon Hong

In this paper, we introduce SemHiTok, a unified image Tokenizer via Semantic-Guided Hierarchical codebook that provides consistent discrete representations for multimodal understanding and generation. Recently, unified image tokenizers have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Zisheng Chen , Chunwei Wang , Runhui Huang , Hongbin Xu , Xiuwei Chen , Jun Zhou , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Xiaodan Liang

Accurate and effective discrete image tokenization is crucial for long image sequence processing. However, current methods rigidly compress all content at a fixed rate, ignoring the variable information density of images and leading to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Xiusheng Huang , Xin Jiang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu , Yequan Wang

In this work, we explore the largely unexplored direction of building a generalist image tokenizer directly on top of a frozen vision foundation model (VFM). To build this tokenizer, we utilize a frozen VFM as the encoder and introduce two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Anlin Zheng , Qi Han , Xin Wen , Chuofan Ma , Lanxi Gong , Gang Yu , Xiangyu Zhang , Xiaojuan Qi

Visual generative and understanding models typically rely on distinct tokenizers to process images, presenting a key challenge for unifying them within a single framework. Recent studies attempt to address this by connecting the training of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chuofan Ma , Yi Jiang , Junfeng Wu , Jihan Yang , Xin Yu , Zehuan Yuan , Bingyue Peng , Xiaojuan Qi

Reasoning goes beyond language; the real world requires reasoning about space, time, affordances, and much more that words alone cannot convey. Existing multimodal models exploring the potential of reasoning with images are brittle and do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Arijit Ray , Ahmed Abdelkader , Chengzhi Mao , Bryan A. Plummer , Kate Saenko , Ranjay Krishna , Leonidas Guibas , Wen-Sheng Chu

VQ-based image generation typically follows a two-stage pipeline: a tokenizer encodes images into discrete tokens, and a generative model learns their dependencies for reconstruction. However, improved tokenization in the first stage does…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Bin Wu , Mengqi Huang , Weinan Jia , Zhendong Mao

Recent advances in text-to-image diffusion models have enabled the generation of diverse and high-quality images. While impressive, the images often fall short of depicting subtle details and are susceptible to errors due to ambiguity in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Idan Schwartz , Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Hila Chefer , Ryan Cotterell , Serge Belongie , Lior Wolf , Sagie Benaim

Efficient video tokenization remains a key bottleneck in learning general purpose vision models that are capable of processing long video sequences. Prevailing approaches are restricted to encoding videos to a fixed number of tokens, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Wilson Yan , Volodymyr Mnih , Aleksandra Faust , Matei Zaharia , Pieter Abbeel , Hao Liu

Real-time transmission of video over wireless networks remains highly challenging, even with advanced deep models, particularly under severe channel conditions such as limited bandwidth and weak connectivity. In this paper, we propose…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Liu , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli , Zhi Ding

Spatial graphs provide a lightweight and elegant representation of curvilinear anatomical structures such as blood vessels, lung airways, and neuronal networks. Accurately modeling these graphs is crucial in clinical and (bio-)medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Chinmay Prabhakar , Bastian Wittmann , Tamaz Amiranashvili , Paul Büschl , Ezequiel de la Rosa , Julian McGinnis , Benedikt Wiestler , Bjoern Menze , Suprosanna Shit

Text and faces are among the most perceptually salient and practically important patterns in visual generation, yet they remain challenging for autoregressive generators built on discrete tokenization. A central bottleneck is the tokenizer:…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yang Yue , Fangyun Wei , Tianyu He , Jinjing Zhao , Zanlin Ni , Zeyu Liu , Jiayi Guo , Lei Shi , Yue Dong , Li Chen , Ji Li , Gao Huang , Dong Chen

Building on the success of diffusion models in visual generation, flow-based models reemerge as another prominent family of generative models that have achieved competitive or better performance in terms of both visual quality and inference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Wenliang Zhao , Minglei Shi , Xumin Yu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Despite their fundamental role, it remains unclear what properties could make tokenizers more effective for generative modeling. We observe that modern generative models share a conceptually similar training objective -- reconstructing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiawei Yang , Tianhong Li , Lijie Fan , Yonglong Tian , Yue Wang

We introduce Representation Tokenizer (RepTok), a generative modeling framework that represents an image using a single continuous latent token obtained from self-supervised vision transformers. Building on a pre-trained SSL encoder, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Ming Gui , Johannes Schusterbauer , Timy Phan , Felix Krause , Josh Susskind , Miguel Angel Bautista , Björn Ommer

Visual synthesis has recently seen significant leaps in performance, largely due to breakthroughs in generative models. Diffusion models have been a key enabler, as they excel in image diversity. However, this comes at the cost of slow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Johannes Schusterbauer , Ming Gui , Pingchuan Ma , Nick Stracke , Stefan A. Baumann , Vincent Tao Hu , Björn Ommer

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled breakthroughs in many multimodal generation tasks, but a significant performance gap still exists in text-to-motion generation, where LLM-based methods lag far behind non-LLM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Chuhao Jin , Haosen Li , Bingzi Zhang , Che Liu , Xiting Wang , Ruihua Song , Wenbing Huang , Ying Qin , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang