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Large language models (LLMs) have shown considerable potential in supporting medical diagnosis. However, their effective integration into clinical workflows is hindered by physicians' difficulties in perceiving and trusting LLM…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yuansong Xu , Yichao Zhu , Haokai Wang , Yuchen Wu , Yang Ouyang , Hanlu Li , Wenzhe Zhou , Xinyu Liu , Chang Jiang , Quan Li

This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the latest research on multilingual large language models (MLLMs). MLLMs not only are able to understand and generate language across linguistic boundaries, but also represent an important…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Shaolin Zhu , Supryadi , Shaoyang Xu , Haoran Sun , Leiyu Pan , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Renren Jin , António Branco , Deyi Xiong

There is a lack of benchmarks for evaluating large language models (LLMs) in long-form medical question answering (QA). Most existing medical QA evaluation benchmarks focus on automatic metrics and multiple-choice questions. While valuable,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Pedram Hosseini , Jessica M. Sin , Bing Ren , Bryceton G. Thomas , Elnaz Nouri , Ali Farahanchi , Saeed Hassanpour

Large Language Models (LLMs) effectiveness is usually evaluated by means of benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC-C, or HellaSwag, where questions are presented in their original wording, thus in a fixed, standardized format. However, real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riccardo Lunardi , Vincenzo Della Mea , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero

A Large Language Model (LLM) represents a cutting-edge artificial intelligence model that generates coherent content, including grammatically precise sentences, human-like paragraphs, and syntactically accurate code snippets. LLMs can play…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Robson Santos , Italo Santos , Cleyton Magalhaes , Ronnie de Souza Santos

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has introduced transformative potential in automated code generation, addressing a wide range of software engineering challenges. However, empirical evaluation of LLM-based code generation lacks…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Paulo Alencar

The emergence of advanced reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) marks a transformative development in healthcare applications. Beyond merely expanding functional capabilities, these reasoning mechanisms enhance decision…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Armin Berger , Sarthak Khanna , David Berghaus , Rafet Sifa

Large language models (LLMs) are gaining increasing popularity in software engineering (SE) due to their unprecedented performance across various applications. These models are increasingly being utilized for a range of SE tasks, including…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Xing Hu , Feifei Niu , Junkai Chen , Xin Zhou , Junwei Zhang , Junda He , Xin Xia , David Lo

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) benchmarks are often based on open-ended or close-ended QA evaluations, avoiding the requirement of human labor. Close-ended measurements evaluate the factuality of responses but lack expressiveness.…

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, have received substantial attention due to their capabilities for understanding and generating human language. While there has been a burgeoning trend in research focusing on the employment of…

Large language models (LLMs) hold promise for transforming healthcare, from streamlining administrative and clinical workflows to enriching patient engagement and advancing clinical decision-making. However, their successful integration…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Mohammed Al-Garadi , Tushar Mungle , Abdulaziz Ahmed , Abeed Sarker , Zhuqi Miao , Michael E. Matheny

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved significant success in interacting with human. However, recent studies have revealed that these models often suffer from hallucinations, leading to overly confident but incorrect judgments. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Yusheng Liao , Yutong Meng , Hongcheng Liu , Yanfeng Wang , Yu Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based systems present new opportunities for autonomous health monitoring in sensor-rich industrial environments. This study explores the potential of LLMs to detect and classify faults directly from sensor data,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed Farahat , Chetan Gupta

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has significantly influenced numerous fields, including healthcare, by enhancing the capabilities of automated systems to process and generate human-like text. However, despite their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Mohit Gupta , Akiko Aizawa , Rajiv Ratn Shah

Vocabulary tests, once a cornerstone of language modeling evaluation, have been largely overlooked in the current landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) like Llama, Mistral, and GPT. While most LLM evaluation benchmarks focus on specific…

Scientific feasibility assessment asks whether a claim is consistent with established knowledge and whether experimental evidence could support or refute it. We frame feasibility assessment as a diagnostic reasoning task in which, given a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Seyedali Mohammadi , Manas Gaur , Francis Ferraro

The validity of medical studies based on real-world clinical data, such as observational studies, depends on critical assumptions necessary for drawing causal conclusions about medical interventions. Many published studies are flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Ahmed Alaa , Rachael V. Phillips , Emre Kıcıman , Laura B. Balzer , Mark van der Laan , Maya Petersen

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) for mental health support is challenging due to the emotionally and cognitively complex nature of therapeutic dialogue. Existing benchmarks are limited in scale, reliability, often relying on…

The emergence of various medical large language models (LLMs) in the medical domain has highlighted the need for unified evaluation standards, as manual evaluation of LLMs proves to be time-consuming and labor-intensive. To address this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Yan Cai , Linlin Wang , Ye Wang , Gerard de Melo , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Liang He

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu