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Diffusion models are prone to exactly reproduce images from the training data. This exact reproduction of the training data is concerning as it can lead to copyright infringement and/or leakage of privacy-sensitive information. In this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Anubhav Jain , Yuya Kobayashi , Takashi Shibuya , Yuhta Takida , Nasir Memon , Julian Togelius , Yuki Mitsufuji

Diffusion models steer conditional generation with a tunable guidance scale to trade off prompt alignment and diversity. However, existing debiasing techniques are optimized for a single scale, degrading fairness when users adjust this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Myeongsoo Kim , Eunji Kim , Minwoo Chae , Sangwoo Mo

Diffusion models have achieved remarkable progress in image and audio generation, largely due to Classifier-Free Guidance. However, the choice of guidance scale remains underexplored: a fixed scale often fails to generalize across prompts…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xuanhao Zhang , Chang Li

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the role of Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) in text-conditioned diffusion models from the perspective of inference efficiency. In particular, we relax the default choice of applying CFG in all…

Training-free guided generation is a widely used and powerful technique that allows the end user to exert further control over the generative process of flow/diffusion models. Generally speaking, two families of techniques have emerged for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zander W. Blasingame , Chen Liu

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for controllable generation in diffusion and flow-based models. Despite its empirical success, CFG relies on a heuristic linear extrapolation that is often sensitive to the guidance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jian-Feng Cai , Haixia Liu , Zhengyi Su , Chao Wang

Classifier guidance -- using the gradients of an image classifier to steer the generations of a diffusion model -- has the potential to dramatically expand the creative control over image generation and editing. However, currently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Bram Wallace , Akash Gokul , Stefano Ermon , Nikhil Naik

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG), which combines the conditional and unconditional score functions with two coefficients summing to one, serves as a practical technique for diffusion model sampling. Theoretically, however, denoising with CFG…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mengfei Xia , Nan Xue , Yujun Shen , Ran Yi , Tieliang Gong , Yong-Jin Liu

Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) is able to make flexible conditional image generation from prior noise to real data, by introducing an independent noise-aware classifier to provide conditional gradient guidance at each time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Shengming Li , Guangcong Zheng , Hui Wang , Taiping Yao , Yang Chen , Shoudong Ding , Xi Li

Diffusion models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in generating high-quality samples and enhancing performance across diverse domains through Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG). However, the quality of generated samples is highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Ao Chen , Lihe Ding , Tianfan Xue

Controllable image synthesis models allow creation of diverse images based on text instructions or guidance from a reference image. Recently, denoising diffusion probabilistic models have been shown to generate more realistic imagery than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Xihui Liu , Dong Huk Park , Samaneh Azadi , Gong Zhang , Arman Chopikyan , Yuxiao Hu , Humphrey Shi , Anna Rohrbach , Trevor Darrell

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is an essential component of text-to-image diffusion models, and understanding and advancing its operational mechanisms remains a central focus of research. Existing approaches stem from divergent theoretical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Kaibo Wang , Jianda Mao , Tong Wu , Yang Xiang

Diffusion models excel in generating high-quality images. However, current diffusion models struggle to produce reliable images without guidance methods, such as classifier-free guidance (CFG). Are guidance methods truly necessary?…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Donghoon Ahn , Jiwon Kang , Sanghyun Lee , Jaewon Min , Minjae Kim , Wooseok Jang , Hyoungwon Cho , Sayak Paul , SeonHwa Kim , Eunju Cha , Kyong Hwan Jin , Seungryong Kim

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a fundamental tool in modern diffusion models for text-guided generation. Although effective, CFG has notable drawbacks. For instance, DDIM with CFG lacks invertibility, complicating image editing;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Hyungjin Chung , Jeongsol Kim , Geon Yeong Park , Hyelin Nam , Jong Chul Ye

We introduce Policy Gradient Guidance (PGG), a simple extension of classifier-free guidance from diffusion models to classical policy gradient methods. PGG augments the policy gradient with an unconditional branch and interpolates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Jianing Qi , Hao Tang , Zhigang Zhu

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is essential for high-fidelity conditional generation in flow matching, yet it imposes significant computational overhead by requiring dual forward passes at each sampling step. In this work, we address this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xin Peng , Ang Gao

Given an unconditional generative model and a predictor for a target property (e.g., a classifier), the goal of training-free guidance is to generate samples with desirable target properties without additional training. As a highly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Haowei Lin , Shanda Li , Haotian Ye , Yiming Yang , Stefano Ermon , Yitao Liang , Jianzhu Ma

We introduce Spectral Guidance, a framework for controlling diffusion models by leveraging the intrinsic geometry of the generative process. As data is progressively corrupted by noise, only a small number of features remain informative for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Gabriel Moreira , Manuel Marques , João Paulo Costeira , Chenyan Xiong

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) has helped diffusion models achieve great conditional generation in various fields. Recently, more diffusion guidance methods have emerged with improved generation quality and human preference. However, can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Dian Xie , Shitong Shao , Lichen Bai , Zikai Zhou , Bojun Cheng , Shuo Yang , Jun Wu , Zeke Xie

While Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) has become standard for improving sample fidelity in conditional diffusion models, it can harm diversity and induce memorization by applying constant guidance regardless of whether a particular sample…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Felix Koulischer , Florian Handke , Johannes Deleu , Thomas Demeester , Luca Ambrogioni