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Denoising diffusion models are a popular class of generative models providing state-of-the-art results in many domains. One adds gradually noise to data using a diffusion to transform the data distribution into a Gaussian distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Francisco Vargas , Will Grathwohl , Arnaud Doucet

Learning parameters of latent graphical models (GM) is inherently much harder than that of no-latent ones since the latent variables make the corresponding log-likelihood non-concave. Nevertheless, expectation-maximization schemes are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-17 Sejun Park , Eunho Yang , Jinwoo Shin

Since their introduction, diffusion models have quickly become the prevailing approach to generative modeling in many domains. They can be interpreted as learning the gradients of a time-varying sequence of log-probability density…

Theoretical results for importance sampling rely on the existence of certain moments of the importance weights, which are the ratios between the proposal and target densities. In particular, a finite variance ensures square root convergence…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-07-31 Michael K. Pitt , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Marcel Scharth , Robert Kohn

The statistical significance of network properties is conditioned on null models which satisfy spec- ified properties but that are otherwise random. Exponential random graph models are a principled theoretical framework to generate such…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-11-18 Rico Fischer , Jorge C. Leitao , Tiago P. Peixoto , Eduardo G. Altmann

Bayesian model selection provides a powerful framework for objectively comparing models directly from observed data, without reference to ground truth data. However, Bayesian model selection requires the computation of the marginal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-17 Xiaohao Cai , Jason D. McEwen , Marcelo Pereyra

We consider problems in model selection caused by the geometry of models close to their points of intersection. In some cases---including common classes of causal or graphical models, as well as time series models---distinct models may…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-20 Robin J. Evans

Compositional energy-based models can generalize to larger combinatorial reasoning problems by reusing a learned factor energy across many local constraints. In our paper, we show that a key bottleneck in compositional reasoning is not…

Logconcave functions represent the current frontier of efficient algorithms for sampling, optimization and integration in R^n. Efficient sampling algorithms to sample according to a probability density (to which the other two problems can…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-06-16 Karthekeyan Chandrasekaran , Amit Deshpande , Santosh Vempala

In this work, we look at Score-based generative models (also called diffusion generative models) from a geometric perspective. From a new view point, we prove that both the forward and backward process of adding noise and generating from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-10 Sandesh Ghimire , Jinyang Liu , Armand Comas , Davin Hill , Aria Masoomi , Octavia Camps , Jennifer Dy

A promising class of generative models maps points from a simple distribution to a complex distribution through an invertible neural network. Likelihood-based training of these models requires restricting their architectures to allow cheap…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-23 Will Grathwohl , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Jesse Bettencourt , Ilya Sutskever , David Duvenaud

We study a relaxation of the problem of coupling probability distributions -- a list of samples is generated from one distribution and an accept is declared if any one of these samples is identical to the sample generated from the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Joseph Rowan , Buu Phan , Ashish Khisti

In this paper, we study an under-explored but important factor of diffusion generative models, i.e., the combinatorial complexity. Data samples are generally high-dimensional, and for various structured generation tasks, additional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Rui Xu , Jiepeng Wang , Hao Pan , Yang Liu , Xin Tong , Shiqing Xin , Changhe Tu , Taku Komura , Wenping Wang

Machine learning enables unbinned, highly-differential cross section measurements. A recent idea uses generative models to morph a starting simulation into the unfolded data. We show how to extend two morphing techniques, Schr\"odinger…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-06-25 Anja Butter , Sascha Diefenbacher , Nathan Huetsch , Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman , Sofia Palacios Schweitzer , Tilman Plehn

Modern continuous-time generative models typically induce \emph{V-shaped} flows: each sample travels independently along a nearly straight trajectory from the prior to the data. Although effective, this independent movement overlooks the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Arip Asadulaev , Semyon Semenov , Abduragim Shtanchaev , Eric Moulines , Fakhri Karray , Martin Takac

Suppose that $\ff \in \reals^{n}$ is a vector of $n$ error-contaminated measurements of $n$ smooth values measured at distinct and strictly ascending abscissae. The following projective technique is proposed for obtaining a vector of smooth…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2010-07-27 M. P. Cullinan

We suppose we are given a list of points $x_1, \dots, x_n \in \mathbb{R}$, a target probability measure $\mu$ and are asked to add additional points $x_{n+1}, \dots, x_{n+m}$ so that $x_1, \dots, x_{n+m}$ is as close as possible to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-14 François Clément , Stefan Steinerberger

We consider the problem of sampling from a product-of-experts-type model that encompasses many standard prior and posterior distributions commonly found in Bayesian imaging. We show that this model can be easily lifted into a novel latent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-16 Muhamed Kuric , Martin Zach , Andreas Habring , Michael Unser , Thomas Pock

Deep generative models are universal tools for learning data distributions on high dimensional data spaces via a mapping to lower dimensional latent spaces. We provide a study of latent space geometries and extend and build upon previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Max F. Frenzel , Bogdan Teleaga , Asahi Ushio

Hard constraints in generative sampling are typically enforced by projection, applied either once at the end of sampling or after every update. This binary framing overlooks a fundamental issue: projection changes the distribution of states…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Noah Trupin , Yexiang Xue
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