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Pipeline parallelism is widely used to train large language models (LLMs). However, increasing heterogeneity in model architectures exacerbates pipeline bubbles, thereby reducing training efficiency. Existing approaches overlook the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jihu Guo , Tenghui Ma , Wei Gao , Peng Sun , Jiaxing Li , Xun Chen , Yuyang Jin , Dahua Lin

Training language models on long sequence data is a demanding requirement for enhancing the model's capability on complex tasks, e.g., long-chain reasoning. However, as the sequence length scales up, the memory cost for storing activation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Qijun Luo , Mengqi Li , Lei Zhao , Xiao Li

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, the efficiency of training and inference remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we propose SUBLLM, short for Subsampling-Upsampling-Bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Quandong Wang , Yuxuan Yuan , Xiaoyu Yang , Ruike Zhang , Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Daniel Povey , Bin Wang

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable advances by integrating text, image, and audio understanding within a unified architecture. However, existing distributed training frameworks remain fundamentally data-blind:…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Hyeonjun An , Sihyun Kim , Chaerim Lim , Hyunjoon Kim , Rathijit Sen , Sangmin Jung , Hyeonsoo Lee , Dongwook Kim , Takki Yu , Jinkyu Jeong , Youngsok Kim , Kwanghyun Park

Sequence parallelism (SP), which divides the sequence dimension of input tensors across multiple computational devices, is becoming key to unlocking the long-context capabilities of generative AI models. This paper investigates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Jiarui Fang , Shangchun Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) require enormous computing power to pretrain on massive datasets. When limited datasets are available, smaller-sized LLMs are better choice to pretrain (on user-specified datasets) by following the scaling laws…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Praveen Rao

Group-based reinforcement learning algorithms such as Group Reward Policy Optimization (GRPO) have proven effective for fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with human feedback. However, generating and storing multiple responses per…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Liangyu Wang , Huanyi Xie , Xinhai Wang , Tianjin Huang , Mengdi Li , Di Wang

Scaling up deep neural network capacity has been known as an effective approach to improving model quality for several different machine learning tasks. In many cases, increasing model capacity beyond the memory limit of a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-29 Yanping Huang , Youlong Cheng , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Mia Xu Chen , Dehao Chen , HyoukJoong Lee , Jiquan Ngiam , Quoc V. Le , Yonghui Wu , Zhifeng Chen

Linear sequence modeling approaches, such as linear attention, provide advantages like linear-time training and constant-memory inference over sequence lengths. However, existing sequence parallelism (SP) methods are either not optimized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Weigao Sun , Disen Lan , Yiran Zhong , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng

Pipeline parallelism is a crucial paradigm for large-scale model training. However, imbalances in memory footprint across stages can lead to significant GPU memory wastage, limiting the model sizes that pipeline parallelism can effectively…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Xuan Peng , Xuanhua Shi , Haolin Zhang , Yunfei Zhao , Xuehai Qian

Recently, Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) has become one of the most popular techniques to scale pre-trained models to extraordinarily large sizes. Dynamic activation of experts allows for conditional computation, increasing the number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zheng Zhang , Donglin Yang , Yaqi Xia , Liang Ding , Dacheng Tao , Xiaobo Zhou , Dazhao Cheng

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is increasingly utilized to enhance the reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). However, effectively scaling these RL methods presents significant challenges, primarily due to the difficulty in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alexandre Piché , Ehsan Kamalloo , Rafael Pardinas , Xiaoyin Chen , Dzmitry Bahdanau

Serving Large Language Models (LLMs) in production faces significant challenges from highly variable request patterns and severe resource fragmentation in serverless clusters. Current systems rely on static pipeline configurations that…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanying Lin , Shijie Peng , Chengzhi Lu , Chengzhong Xu , Kejiang Ye

Speculative decoding (SD) has emerged as a promising approach to accelerate LLM inference without sacrificing output quality. Existing SD methods tailored for video-LLMs primarily focus on pruning redundant visual tokens to mitigate the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Qitan Lv , Tianyu Liu , Wen Wu , Xuenan Xu , Bowen Zhou , Feng Wu , Chao Zhang

The increasing demand for intelligent mobile applications has made multi-agent collaboration with Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) essential in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. However, training LLMs in such environments…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-25 Jiewei Chen , Xiumei Deng , Zehui Xiong , Shaoyong Guo , Xuesong Qiu , Ping Wang , Dusit Niyato

Split learning (SL) offloads main computing tasks from multiple resource-constrained user equippments (UEs) to the base station (BS), while preserving local data privacy. However, its computation and communication processes remain…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chenyu Liu , Zhaoyang Zhang , Zirui Chen , Zhaohui Yang

In large language model (LLM) training, several parallelization strategies, including Tensor Parallelism (TP), Pipeline Parallelism (PP), Data Parallelism (DP), as well as Sequence Parallelism (SP) and Context Parallelism (CP), are employed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kazuki Fujii , Kohei Watanabe , Rio Yokota

The demand for large language model inference is rapidly increasing. Pipeline parallelism offers a cost-effective deployment strategy for distributed inference but suffers from high service latency. While incorporating speculative decoding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Haofei Yin , Mengbai Xiao , Tinghong Li , Xiao Zhang , Dongxiao Yu , Guanghui Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as foundational models, benefiting various downstream applications through fine-tuning. Recent studies on loss scaling have demonstrated the superior performance of larger…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Sajal Dash , Isaac Lyngaas , Junqi Yin , Xiao Wang , Romain Egele , Guojing Cong , Feiyi Wang , Prasanna Balaprakash

The rapid scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has pushed training workloads far beyond the limits of single-node analysis, demanding a deeper understanding of how these models behave across large-scale, multi-GPU systems. In this paper,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Seokjin Go , Joongun Park , Spandan More , Hanjiang Wu , Irene Wang , Aaron Jezghani , Tushar Krishna , Divya Mahajan