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When we are faced with challenging image classification tasks, we often explain our reasoning by dissecting the image, and pointing out prototypical aspects of one class or another. The mounting evidence for each of the classes helps us…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Chaofan Chen , Oscar Li , Chaofan Tao , Alina Jade Barnett , Jonathan Su , Cynthia Rudin

We present a deformable prototypical part network (Deformable ProtoPNet), an interpretable image classifier that integrates the power of deep learning and the interpretability of case-based reasoning. This model classifies input images by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jon Donnelly , Alina Jade Barnett , Chaofan Chen

We propose ProtoArgNet, a novel interpretable deep neural architecture for image classification in the spirit of prototypical-part-learning as found, e.g., in ProtoPNet. While earlier approaches associate every class with multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hamed Ayoobi , Nico Potyka , Francesca Toni

We present ProtoViT, a method for interpretable image classification combining deep learning and case-based reasoning. This method classifies an image by comparing it to a set of learned prototypes, providing explanations of the form ``this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Chiyu Ma , Jon Donnelly , Wenjun Liu , Soroush Vosoughi , Cynthia Rudin , Chaofan Chen

Interpretable part-prototype models are computer vision models that are explainable by design. The models learn prototypical parts and recognise these components in an image, thereby combining classification and explanation. Despite the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Meike Nauta , Christin Seifert

Prototypical part learning is emerging as a promising approach for making semantic segmentation interpretable. The model selects real patches seen during training as prototypes and constructs the dense prediction map based on the similarity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Hugo Porta , Emanuele Dalsasso , Diego Marcos , Devis Tuia

Prototype-based methods use interpretable representations to address the black-box nature of deep learning models, in contrast to post-hoc explanation methods that only approximate such models. We propose the Neural Prototype Tree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Meike Nauta , Ron van Bree , Christin Seifert

Although interpretable prototype networks have improved the transparency of deep learning image classification, the need for multiple prototypes in collaborative decision-making increases cognitive complexity and hinders user understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yitao Peng , Lianghua He , Hongzhou Chen

Image recognition with prototypes is considered an interpretable alternative for black box deep learning models. Classification depends on the extent to which a test image "looks like" a prototype. However, perceptual similarity for humans…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Meike Nauta , Annemarie Jutte , Jesper Provoost , Christin Seifert

In meta-learning approaches, it is difficult for a practitioner to make sense of what kind of representations the model employs. Without this ability, it can be difficult to both understand what the model knows as well as to make meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Wallace Lawson

Prototypical parts-based models offer a "this looks like that" paradigm for intrinsic interpretability, yet they typically struggle with ImageNet-scale generalization and often require computationally expensive backbone finetuning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mikołaj Janusz , Adam Wróbel , Bartosz Zieliński , Dawid Rymarczyk

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) methods have been designed to achieve interpretable classification by associating predictions with a set of training prototypes, which we refer to as trivial prototypes because they are trained to lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chong Wang , Yuyuan Liu , Yuanhong Chen , Fengbei Liu , Yu Tian , Davis J. McCarthy , Helen Frazer , Gustavo Carneiro

We introduce ProtoSeg, a novel model for interpretable semantic image segmentation, which constructs its predictions using similar patches from the training set. To achieve accuracy comparable to baseline methods, we adapt the mechanism of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Mikołaj Sacha , Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

In recent years, work has gone into developing deep interpretable methods for image classification that clearly attributes a model's output to specific features of the data. One such of these methods is the Prototypical Part Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Aaron J. Li , Robin Netzorg , Zhihan Cheng , Zhuoqin Zhang , Bin Yu

We introduce ProtoPool, an interpretable image classification model with a pool of prototypes shared by the classes. The training is more straightforward than in the existing methods because it does not require the pruning stage. It is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Michał Górszczak , Koryna Lewandowska , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński

We present ProtoConcepts, a method for interpretable image classification combining deep learning and case-based reasoning using prototypical parts. Existing work in prototype-based image classification uses a ``this looks like that''…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Chiyu Ma , Brandon Zhao , Chaofan Chen , Cynthia Rudin

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (xAI) has the potential to enhance the transparency and trust of AI-based systems. Although accurate predictions can be made using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), the process used to arrive at such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Bhushan Atote , Victor Sanchez

This paper proposes a generic method to learn interpretable convolutional filters in a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) for object classification, where each interpretable filter encodes features of a specific object part. Our method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-13 Quanshi Zhang , Xin Wang , Ying Nian Wu , Huilin Zhou , Song-Chun Zhu

Part-prototype networks have recently become methods of interest as an interpretable alternative to many of the current black-box image classifiers. However, the interpretability of these methods from the perspective of human users has not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Omid Davoodi , Shayan Mohammadizadehsamakosh , Majid Komeili

The goal of self-supervised visual representation learning is to learn strong, transferable image representations, with the majority of research focusing on object or scene level. On the other hand, representation learning at part level has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Subhabrata Choudhury , Iro Laina , Christian Rupprecht , Andrea Vedaldi
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