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As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, scalable and rigorous safety evaluation is essential. This paper introduces Aymara AI, a programmatic platform for generating and administering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Juan Manuel Contreras

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly influenced various aspects of software development activities. Despite their benefits, LLMs also pose notable risks, including the potential to generate harmful content and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Jiachi Chen , Qingyuan Zhong , Yanlin Wang , Kaiwen Ning , Yongkun Liu , Zenan Xu , Zhe Zhao , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng

The impressive essay writing and problem-solving capabilities of large language models (LLMs) like OpenAI's ChatGPT have opened up new avenues in education. Our goal is to gain insights into the widespread use of LLMs among secondary…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Tiffany Zhu , Kexun Zhang , William Yang Wang

Can low-cost large language models (LLMs) take over the interpretive coding work that still anchors much of empirical content analysis? This paper introduces ContentBench, a public benchmark suite that helps answer this replacement question…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Michael Haman

Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on massive web-crawled corpora. This poses risks of leakage, including personal information, copyrighted texts, and benchmark datasets. Such leakage leads to undermining human trust in AI due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Masahiro Kaneko , Timothy Baldwin

As AI systems advance in capabilities, measuring their safety and alignment to human values is becoming paramount. A fast-growing field of AI research is devoted to developing such assessments. However, most current advances therein may be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Edward James Young

The landscape of education is changing rapidly, shaped by emerging pedagogical approaches, technological innovations such as artificial intelligence (AI), and evolving societal expectations, all of which demand thorough evaluation of new…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Fiammetta Caccavale , Carina L. Gargalo , Julian Kager , Magdalena Skowyra , Steen Larsen , Krist V. Gernaey , Ulrich Krühne

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Large language models (LLMs) have evolved into autonomous agents that rely on open skill ecosystems (e.g., ClawHub and Skills.Rest), hosting numerous publicly reusable skills. Existing security research on these ecosystems mainly focuses on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yukun Jiang , Yage Zhang , Michael Backes , Xinyue Shen , Yang Zhang

This paper introduces v0.5 of the AI Safety Benchmark, which has been created by the MLCommons AI Safety Working Group. The AI Safety Benchmark has been designed to assess the safety risks of AI systems that use chat-tuned language models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Bertie Vidgen , Adarsh Agrawal , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Victor Akinwande , Namir Al-Nuaimi , Najla Alfaraj , Elie Alhajjar , Lora Aroyo , Trupti Bavalatti , Max Bartolo , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Kurt Bollacker , Rishi Bomassani , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Siméon Campos , Kal Chakra , Canyu Chen , Cody Coleman , Zacharie Delpierre Coudert , Leon Derczynski , Debojyoti Dutta , Ian Eisenberg , James Ezick , Heather Frase , Brian Fuller , Ram Gandikota , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Ananya Gangavarapu , James Gealy , Rajat Ghosh , James Goel , Usman Gohar , Sujata Goswami , Scott A. Hale , Wiebke Hutiri , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Surgan Jandial , Nick Judd , Felix Juefei-Xu , Foutse Khomh , Bhavya Kailkhura , Hannah Rose Kirk , Kevin Klyman , Chris Knotz , Michael Kuchnik , Shachi H. Kumar , Srijan Kumar , Chris Lengerich , Bo Li , Zeyi Liao , Eileen Peters Long , Victor Lu , Sarah Luger , Yifan Mai , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Kelvin Manyeki , Sean McGregor , Virendra Mehta , Shafee Mohammed , Emanuel Moss , Lama Nachman , Dinesh Jinenhally Naganna , Amin Nikanjam , Besmira Nushi , Luis Oala , Iftach Orr , Alicia Parrish , Cigdem Patlak , William Pietri , Forough Poursabzi-Sangdeh , Eleonora Presani , Fabrizio Puletti , Paul Röttger , Saurav Sahay , Tim Santos , Nino Scherrer , Alice Schoenauer Sebag , Patrick Schramowski , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Vin Sharma , Xudong Shen , Vamsi Sistla , Leonard Tang , Davide Testuggine , Vithursan Thangarasa , Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Rebecca Weiss , Chris Welty , Tyler Wilbers , Adina Williams , Carole-Jean Wu , Poonam Yadav , Xianjun Yang , Yi Zeng , Wenhui Zhang , Fedor Zhdanov , Jiacheng Zhu , Percy Liang , Peter Mattson , Joaquin Vanschoren

Large language model (LLM) agents are increasingly deployed to automate productivity tasks (e.g., email, scheduling, document management), but evaluating them on live services is risky due to potentially irreversible changes. Existing…

Open Large Language Model (LLM) benchmarks, such as HELM and BIG-Bench, provide standardized and transparent evaluation protocols that support comparative analysis, reproducibility, and systematic progress tracking in Language Model (LM)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Md. Najib Hasan , Md Mahadi Hassan Sibat , Mohammad Fakhruddin Babar , Souvika Sarkar , Monowar Hasan , Santu Karmaker

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become instrumental across various applications, with the customization of these models to specific scenarios becoming increasingly critical. System message, a fundamental component of LLMs, is consist of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Yanzhao Qin , Tao Zhang , Tao Zhang , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Haoze Sun , Yan Zhang , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Zenan Zhou , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui

Several recent works have argued that Large Language Models (LLMs) can be used to tame the data deluge in the cybersecurity field, by improving the automation of Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) tasks. This work presents an evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Emanuele Mezzi , Fabio Massacci , Katja Tuma

As Large-Scale Language Models (LLMs) continue to evolve, they demonstrate significant enhancements in performance and an expansion of functionalities, impacting various domains, including education. In this study, we conducted interviews…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-18 He Zhang , Jingyi Xie , Chuhao Wu , Jie Cai , ChanMin Kim , John M. Carroll

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in financial scenarios. However, they may produce harmful outputs, including facilitating illegal activities or unethical behavior, posing serious compliance risks. To systematically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Yutao Hou , Yihan Jiang , Yuhan Xie , Jian Yang , Liwen Zhang , Hailiang Huang , Guanhua Chen , Yun Chen

When building Large Language Models (LLMs), it is paramount to bear safety in mind and protect them with guardrails. Indeed, LLMs should never generate content promoting or normalizing harmful, illegal, or unethical behavior that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Simone Tedeschi , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li

Ensuring the safety of large language model (LLM) applications is essential for developing trustworthy artificial intelligence. Current LLM safety benchmarks have two limitations. First, they focus solely on either discriminative or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yutao Mou , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Ensuring the safety and alignment of Large Language Models is a significant challenge with their growing integration into critical applications and societal functions. While prior research has primarily focused on jailbreak attacks, less…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Jiawei Chen , Zhengwei Fang , Yu Tian , Jiawei Du , Chao Yu , Zhaoxia Yin , Hang Su

As Large Language Models (LLMs) and other forms of Generative AI permeate various aspects of our lives, their application for learning and education has provided opportunities and challenges. This paper presents an investigation into the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Daniel Leiker , Sara Finnigan , Ashley Ricker Gyllen , Mutlu Cukurova
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