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Free-space Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to share a random key with unconditional security, between ground stations, between mobile platforms, and even in satellite-ground quantum communications. Atmospheric turbulence…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-04 Wenyuan Wang , Feihu Xu , Hoi-Kwong Lo

This paper significantly advances the application of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in Free- Space Optics (FSO) satellite-based quantum communication. We propose an innovative satellite quantum channel model and derive the secret quantum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Mouli Chakraborty , Anshu Mukherjee , Ioannis Krikidis , Avishek Nag , Subhash Chandra

Currently, quantum key distribution (QKD) using continuous variable (CV) technology has only been demonstrated over short-range terrestrial links. Here we attempt to answer whether CV-QKD over the much longer satellite-to-Earth channel is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-25 Sebastian Kish , Eduardo Villaseñor , Robert Malaney , Kerry Mudge , Kenneth Grant

The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution (QKD) offers the advantages (over discrete-variable systems) of higher secret key rates in metropolitan areas as well as the use of standard telecom components that can operate at…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) with discrete modulation combines advantages of CVQKD, such as the implementability using readily available technologies, with advantages of discrete variable quantum key distribution,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-13 Carlos Pascual-García , Stefan Bäuml , Mateus Araújo , Rotem Liss , Antonio Acín

Technological realities limit terrestrial quantum key distribution (QKD) to single-link distances of a few hundred kilometers. One promising avenue for global-scale quantum communication networks is to use low-Earth-orbit satellites. Here…

We establish a lower bound on the asymptotic secret key rate of continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a discrete modulation of coherent states. The bound is valid against collective attacks and is obtained by formulating the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-27 Shouvik Ghorai , Philippe Grangier , Eleni Diamanti , Anthony Leverrier

We present a result of side-channel-secure (SCS) quantum key distribution (QKD) under fully realistic conditions. Our result is not only measurement-device independent but also effective with imperfect (and unstable) source devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Cong Jiang , Xiao-Long Hu , Zong-Wen Yu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Most quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols can be classified as either a discrete-variable (DV) protocol or continuous-variable (CV) protocol, based on how classical information is being encoded. We propose a protocol that combines the…

Continuous-variable measurement-independent-device quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) can offer high secure key rate at metropolitan distance and remove all side channel loopholes of detection as well. However, there is no complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-11 Hua-Lei Yin , Wei Zhu , Yao Fu

Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange a provably secure key for cryptographic applications. In prepare-and-measure QKD protocols, the states must be indistinguishable to prevent information leakage to an eavesdropper…

We respond to a comment on our high-speed technique for the implementation of free-space quantum key distribution (QKD). The model used in the comment assigns inappropriately high link losses to the technique in question. We show that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. C. Bienfang , Charles W. Clark , Carl J. Williams , E. W. Hagley , Jesse Wen

We investigate estimation of fluctuating channels and its effect on security of continuous-variable quantum key distribution. We propose a novel estimation scheme which is based on the clusterization of the estimated transmittance data. We…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free-space optical links is a promising approach for secure communication, but its performance is limited by turbulence, pointing errors, and angular leakage that can be exploited by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe

We present an implementation of the time-frequency (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) protocol realized mainly with standard telecommunication components at 1550 nm. TF-QKD is implemented with modulations in time and frequency, namely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-09 Jasper Rödiger , Nicolas Perlot , Oliver Benson , Ronald Freund

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables the establishment of secret keys between users connected via a channel vulnerable to eavesdropping, with information-theoretic security, that is, independently of the power of a malevolent party. QKD…

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is a promising emerging technology for the distribution of secure keys for symmetric encryption. It can be readily implemented using commercial off-the-shelf optical telecommunications…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-27 Hou-Man Chin , Nitin Jain , Ulrik L. Andersen , Tobias Gehring

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises a provably secure method to transmit information from one party to another. Free-space QKD allows for this information to be sent over great distances and in places where fibre-based communications…

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