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In this paper, we study the cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) problems using Reward Machines (RMs) to specify the reward functions such that the prior knowledge of high-level events in a task can be leveraged to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xuejing Zheng , Chao Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) based agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in autonomous task-solving across complex, open-ended environments. A promising approach for improving the reasoning capabilities of LLM agents is to better…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Siyu Xia , Zekun Xu , Jiajun Chai , Wentian Fan , Yan Song , Xiaohan Wang , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Haifeng Zhang , Jun Wang

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

With recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), Agentic AI has become phenomenal in real-world applications, moving toward multiple LLM-based agents to perceive, learn, reason, and act collaboratively. These LLM-based Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Khanh-Tung Tran , Dung Dao , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

This paper presents deep meta coordination graphs (DMCG) for learning cooperative policies in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). Coordination graph formulations encode local interactions and accordingly factorize the joint value…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Nikunj Gupta , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

The application of deep reinforcement learning in multi-agent systems introduces extra challenges. In a scenario with numerous agents, one of the most important concerns currently being addressed is how to develop sufficient collaboration…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Bin Zhang , Yunpeng Bai , Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Guoliang Fan

Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) poses significant challenges due to the exponential growth of state and action spaces and the non-stationary nature of multiagent environments. This results in notable sample inefficiency and hinders…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Nikhilesh Prabhakar , Ranveer Singh , Harsha Kokel , Sriraam Natarajan , Prasad Tadepalli

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerfulparadigm for cooperative decision-making in connected autonomous vehicles(CAVs); however, existing approaches often fail to guarantee stability, optimality,and…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Mazyar Taghavi , Javad Vahidi

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) necessitates seamless collaboration among agents, often represented by an underlying relation graph. Existing methods for learning this graph primarily focus on agent-pair relations,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Autonomous agents based on large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in a wide range of applications, including web navigation, software development, and embodied control. While most LLMs are limited in several…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yixin Liu , Guibin Zhang , Kun Wang , Shiyuan Li , Shirui Pan

Developing intelligent agents for long-term cooperation in dynamic open-world scenarios is a major challenge in multi-agent systems. Traditional Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) frameworks like centralized training decentralized…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Hanqing Yang , Jingdi Chen , Marie Siew , Tania Lorido-Botran , Carlee Joe-Wong

In recent developments within the research community, the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) in creating fully autonomous agents has garnered significant interest. Despite this, LLM-based agents frequently demonstrate notable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Xueyang Feng , Zhi-Yuan Chen , Yujia Qin , Yankai Lin , Xu Chen , Zhiyuan Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on agentic capabilities-iterative retrieval, tool use, and decision-making-to overcome the limits of static, parametric knowledge. Yet existing agentic frameworks treat external information as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Yuanfu Sun , Kang Li , Dongzhe Fan , Jiajin Liu , Qiaoyu Tan

Advancements in deep multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) have positioned it as a promising approach for decision-making in cooperative games. However, it still remains challenging for MARL agents to learn cooperative strategies for…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yuan Zhuang , Yi Shen , Zhili Zhang , Yuxiao Chen , Fei Miao

Communication is a key component in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for mitigating partial observability, yet prior approaches often rely on inefficient information exchange or fail to transmit sufficient state information. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sangjun Bae , Yisak Park , Sanghyeon Lee , Seungyul Han

Connected and autonomous vehicles across land, water, and air must often operate in dynamic, unpredictable environments with limited communication, no centralized control, and partial observability. These real-world constraints pose…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hung Du , Hy Nguyen , Srikanth Thudumu , Rajesh Vasa , Kon Mouzakis

Effective agent coordination is crucial in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). While agent cooperation can be represented by graph structures, prevailing graph learning methods in MARL are limited. They rely solely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wei Duan , Jie Lu , Junyu Xuan

Most real-world domains can be formulated as multi-agent (MA) systems. Intentionality sharing agents can solve more complex tasks by collaborating, possibly in less time. True cooperative actions are beneficial for egoistic and collective…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Philipp Dominic Siedler

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been an increasingly important research topic in the last half-decade because of its great potential for real-world applications. Because of the curse of dimensionality, the popular…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Weizhe Chen , Sven Koenig , Bistra Dilkina