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Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks e.g. gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC simulations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , Y. Mizuno , M. Medvedev , B. Zhang , D. H. Hartmann , G. J. Fishman

Nonthermal radiation observed from astrophysical systems containing relativistic jets and shocks, e.g., gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), active galactic nuclei (AGNs), and microquasars commonly exhibit power-law emission spectra. Recent PIC…

Recently, microquasar jets have aroused the interest of many researchers focusing on the astrophysical plasma outflows and various jet ejections. In this work, we concentrate on the investigation of electromagnetic radiation and particle…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-11-02 Th. V. Papavasileiou , O. T. Kosmas , J. Sinatkas

Magnetic reconnection is often invoked to explain the non-thermal radiation of relativistic outflows, including jets of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Motivated by the largely unknown plasma composition of AGN jets, we study reconnection in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-31 Maria Petropoulou , Lorenzo Sironi , Anatoly Spitkovsky , Dimitrios Giannios

Relativistic jets of magnetized plasma are a common high-energy astrophysical phenomenon, observed across a wide range of spatial and energy scales. In the past, semianalytic meridionally self-similar models have proven highly successful in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-03-21 Argyrios Loules , Nektarios Vlahakis

A simple look at the steady high-energy Universe reveals a clear correlation with outflows generated around compact objects (winds and jets). In the case of relativistic jets, they are thought to be produced as a consequence of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-12-03 Manel Perucho

Black-hole and neutron-star X-ray binaries exhibit compact radio jets, when they are in the so called quiescent, hard, or hard intermediate states. The radio spectrum in these states is flat to slightly inverted. It is widely accepted that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-07-26 Alexandros Tsouros , Nikolaos D. Kylafis

A lot has been learnt in the 15 years since the first data on jet modification at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). These proceedings will describe the portion of the theory that is unassailable, and attempt to chart a course for…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-10-07 Abhijit Majumder

The acceleration of relativistic jets from the Poynting to the matter dominated stage is considered. The are generally two collimation regimes, which we call equilibrium and non-equilibrium, correspondingly. In the first regime, the jet is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Y. E. Lyubarsky

The matter content of relativistic jets in AGNs is dominated by a mixture of protons, electrons, and positrons. During dissipative events these particles tap a significant portion of the internal and/or kinetic energy of the jet and convert…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-20 Marek Sikora

Using theoretical tools developed by the JET Collaboration in which one employes 2+1D or 3+1D hydrodynamic models for the bulk medium evolution and jet quenching models, the combined data on suppression of single inclusive hadron spectra at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-08-13 Xin-Nian Wang

In inhomogeneous optically thick synchrotron sources a substantial part of the electron population at low energies can be hidden by self-absorption and overpowered by high energy electrons in optically thin emission. These invisible…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Thomas Beckert , Heino Falcke

Active galactic nuclei often exhibit highly collimated relativistic plasma outflows launched from the vicinity of their central black holes. One of the key theoretical challenges in understanding black hole jet formation is the origin of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-05 Rin Oikawa , Kenji Toma , Shigeo S. Kimura

Context. Relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei are known for their exceptional energy output, and imaging the synthetic synchrotron emission of numerical jet simulations is essential for a comparison with observed jet polarization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-11 Joana A. Kramer , Nicholas R. MacDonald , Georgios F. Paraschos , L. Ricci

We have investigated particle acceleration and shock structure associated with an unmagnetized relativistic jet propagating into an unmagnetized plasma. Strong magnetic fields generated in the trailing jet shock lead to transverse…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 K. -I. Nishikawa , P. Hardee , B. Zhang , I. Dutan , M. Medvedev , E. J. Choi , K. W. Min , J. Niemiec , Y. Mizuno , A. Nordlund , J. T. Frederiksen , H. Sol , M. Pohl , D. H. Hartmann

We explore the impact of "slow-light" radiative transfer - i.e., general relativistic radiative transfer (GRRT) calculations in which the simulated fluid evolves while light rays are propagating through it - in general relativistic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-12-03 Yuh Tsunetoe , Dominic W. Pesce , Ramesh Narayan

Powerful relativistic jets are among the most ubiquitous and energetic observational consequences of accretion around supermassive black holes in active galactic nuclei and neutron stars and stellar-mass black holes in x-ray binary (XRB)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Simone Migliari , Rob Fender , Mariano Mendez

Relativistic jets are ubiquitous in astrophysical systems that contain compact objects. They transport large amounts of energy to large distances from the source, and their interaction with the ambient medium has a crucial effect on the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-28 Omer Bromberg , Ehud Nakar , Tsvi Piran , Re'em Sari

Photospheric emission from relativistic gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets is a promising mechanism for producing the Band-like spectra observed in the prompt phase, yet the connections between jet structure, dissipation location, and polarization…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-11 Yue Xu , Ming Jin , Qingwen Tang

Astrophysical jets, launched from the immediate vicinity of accreting black holes, carry away large amounts of power in a form of bulk kinetic energy of jet particles and electromagnetic flux. Here we consider a simple analytical model for…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-05-11 Dominika Ł. Król , Łukasz Stawarz , Mitchell C. Begelman , José-María Martí , Manel Perucho , Bohdan A. Petrenko