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A scaled-up quantum computer will require a highly efficient control interface that autonomously manipulates and reads out large numbers of qubits, which for solid-state implementations are usually held at millikelvin (mK) temperatures.…

Today's hundred-qubit quantum computers require a dramatic scale up to millions of qubits to become practical for solving real-world problems. Although a variety of qubit technologies have been demonstrated, scalability remains a major…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-31 Sanskriti Joshi , Sajjad Moazeni

Experiments with superconducting quantum processors have successfully demonstrated the basic functions needed for quantum computation and evidence of utility, albeit without a sizable array of error-corrected qubits. The realization of the…

Future universal quantum computers solving problems of practical relevance are expected to require at least $10^6$ qubits, which is a massive scale-up from the present numbers of less than 50 qubits operated together. Out of the different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-03 Lotte Geck , Andre Kruth , Hendrik Bluhm , Stefan van Waasen , Stefan Heinen

The advancement of scalable quantum information processing relies on the accurate and parallel manipulation of a vast number of qubits, potentially reaching into the millions. Superconducting qubits, traditionally controlled through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Pan Shi , Jiahao Yuan , Fei Yan , Haifeng Yu

Quantum computers can potentially provide an unprecedented speed-up with respect to traditional computers. However, a significant increase in the number of quantum bits (qubits) and their performance is required to demonstrate such quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Jeroen P. G. van Dijk , Edoardo Charbon , Fabio Sebastiano

Quantum computing promises to revolutionize several scientific and technological domains through fundamentally new ways of processing information. Among its most compelling applications is digital quantum simulation, where quantum computers…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-05 Laurin E. Fischer

Quantum computers are expected to outperform conventional computers for a range of important problems, from molecular simulation to search algorithms, once they can be scaled up to large numbers of quantum bits (qubits), typically millions.…

The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors hosting millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications. A major challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current…

A key virtue of spin qubits is their sub-micron footprint, enabling a single silicon chip to host the millions of qubits required to execute useful quantum algorithms with error correction. With each physical qubit needing multiple control…

Quantum computing (QC) has already entered the industrial landscape and several multinational corporations have initiated their own research efforts. So far, many of these efforts have been focusing on superconducting qubits, whose…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-08 Farzan Jazaeri , Arnout Beckers , Armin Tajalli , Jean-Michel Sallese

Many quantum technologies, including quantum computers, quantum heat engines, and quantum sensors, rely on operating conditions in the subkelvin regime. It is therefore desirable to develop practical tools and methods for the precise…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-03-28 Riya Baruah , Pedro Portugal , Joachim Wabnig , Christian Flindt

In state-of-the-art superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is controlled by at least one control line that delivers control pulses generated at room temperature to qubits operating at millikelvin temperatures. While this strategy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-03-21 Peng Zhao

Quantum thermodynamics aims at extending standard thermodynamics and non-equilibrium statistical physics to systems with sizes well below the thermodynamic limit. A rapidly evolving research field, which promises to change our understanding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-23 Fabrizio Cleri

Challenges at the quantum-classical interface are examined with the goal of architecting a scaled-up quantum computer comprising many thousands of qubits in the solid-state. Separating the distinct sub-systems of the interface that perform…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-12 D. J. Reilly

Superconducting circuits are a strong contender for realizing quantum computing systems, and are also successfully used to study quantum optics and hybrid quantum systems. However, their cryogenic operation temperatures and the current lack…

Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-12 F. Lecocq , F. Quinlan , K. Cicak , J. Aumentado , S. A. Diddams , J. D. Teufel

Current state-of-the-art superconducting microwave qubits are cooled to extremely low temperatures to avoid sources of decoherence. Higher qubit operating temperatures would significantly increase the cooling power available, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Alexander Anferov , Shannon P. Harvey , Fanghui Wan , Jonathan Simon , David I. Schuster

Inspired by recent interest in quantum computing and recent studies of cryo CMOS for control electronics, this paper presents a hybrid semiconductor-superconductor approach for engineering scalable computing systems that operate across the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-30 Erik P. DeBenedictis

Quantum processors have the potential to revolutionise computing on a scale unseen since the development of semiconductor technology in the middle of the 20th century. However, while there is now huge activity and investment in the field,…

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