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In quantum field theory, the vacuum is popularly considered to be a complex medium populated with virtual particle + antiparticle pairs. To an observer experiencing uniform acceleration, it is generally held that these virtual particles…

General Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Alexandre Deur , Stanley J. Brodsky , Craig D. Roberts , Balša Terzić

A way to encode acceleration directly into fields has recently being proposed, thus establishing a new kind of fields, the accelerated fields. The definition of accelerated fields points to the quantization of space and time, analogously to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-06-15 Lucas Chibebe Céleri , Vasileios Kiosses

It is shown that the Unruh effect, i.e. the increase in temperature indicated by a uniformly accelerated thermometer in an inertial vacuum state of a quantum field, cannot be interpreted as the result of an exchange of heat with a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-08 Detlev Buchholz , Rainer Verch

Macroscopic concepts pertaining to the Unruh effect are elaborated and used to clarify its physical manifestations. Based on a description of the motion of accelerated, spatially extended laboratories in Minkowski space in terms of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-16 Detlev Buchholz , Rainer Verch

The Unruh effect -- according to which linearly accelerated observers with proper acceleration a= constant in the (no-particle) vacuum state of inertial observers experience a thermal bath of particles with temperature $T_U = a \hbar / (2…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-04-26 Gabriel Cozzella , Andre G. S. Landulfo , George E. A. Matsas , Daniel A. T. Vanzella

It is well known that the experience of a linearly accelerated observer with acceleration $a$, interacting with a massless scalar field in its vacuum state in $3+1$ Minkowski spacetime, is identical to that of a static observer interacting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-25 Cameron R. D. Bunney , Leo Parry , T. Rick Perche , Jorma Louko

Derived from semi-classical quantum field theory in curved spacetime, Unruh effect was known as a quantum effect. We find that there does exist a classical correspondence of this effect in electrodynamics. The thermal nature of the vacuum…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Shih-Yuin Lin

The Unruh effect predicts that a uniformly accelerated observer perceives the vacuum seen by an inertial observer as a thermal bath at a temperature proportional to its proper acceleration. This phenomenon is often regarded as a flat…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-23 Yuebing Zhou , Jiawei Hu , Hongwei Yu

An extended monopole detector at constant acceleration coupled to a massless scalar field is allowed to evolve quantum mechanically. It is found that while in the classical, followed by the point particle, limit the usual result Unruh…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 Roberto Casadio , Giovanni Venturi

We show under what conditions an accelerated detector (e.g., an atom/ion/molecule) thermalizes while interacting with the vacuum state of a quantum field in a setup where the detector's acceleration alternates sign across multiple optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Silas Vriend , Daniel Grimmer , Eduardo Martín-Martínez

The Unruh effect is a quantum relativistic effect where the accelerated observer perceives the vacuum as a thermal state. Here we propose the experimental realization of the Unruh effect for interacting ultracold fermions in optical…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-12-17 Arkadiusz Kosior , Maciej Lewenstein , Alessio Celi

Unruh effect is a landmark prediction of standard quantum field theory in which Fock vacuum state appears as a thermal state with respect to an uniformly accelerating observer. Given its dependence on trans-Planckian modes, Unruh effect is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-07 Golam Mortuza Hossain , Gopal Sardar

In contrast to recent criticism we undertake to show that the notion of Unruh temperature describes a real thermal property of the vacuum if viewed from an accelerated reference frame. We embed our investigation in a more general analysis…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-11-08 Manfred Requardt

The Unruh effect is the phenomenon that accelerated observers detect particles even when inertial observers experience the vacuum state. In particular, uniformly accelerated observers are predicted to measure thermal radiation that is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-08-06 Luis C. Barbado , Esteban Castro-Ruiz , Luca Apadula , Časlav Brukner

The Unruh effect is one of the first calculations of what one would see when transiting between an inertial reference frame with its quantum field vacuum state and a non-inertial (specifically, uniformly accelerating) reference frame. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Satish Ramakrishna

The interaction between light and an atom proceeds via three paradigmatic mechanisms: spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, and absorption. All three are resonant processes in the sense that they require that the radiation field be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-05 Barbara Šoda , Vivishek Sudhir , Achim Kempf

A uniformly accelerated system will get thermally excited due to interactions with the vacuum fluctuations of the quantum fields. This is the Unruh effect. Also a system accelerated in a circular orbit will be heated, but in this case…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Jon Magne Leinaas

In Minkowski space, an accelerated reference frame may be defined as one that is related to an inertial frame by a sequence of instantaneous Lorentz transformations. Such an accelerated observer sees a causal horizon, and the quantum vacuum…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-21 Nirmalendu Acharyya , Sachindeo Vaidya

We study the phenomenon of Unruh effect in a massless scalar field theory quantized on the light-front in the general light-front frame. We determine the uniformly accelerating coordinates in such a frame and through a direct transformation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Ashok Das , J. Frenkel , Silvana Perez

We report on the progress of a NASA-funded study being carried out at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center in Palo Alto and the California State University in Long Beach to investigate the proposed link between the zero-point…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Bernhard Haisch , Alfonso Rueda
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