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We develop a search method for gravitational ringing of black holes. The gravitational ringing is due to complex frequency modes called the quasi-normal modes that are excited when a black hole geometry is perturbed. The detection of it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-09 Hiroyuki Nakano , Hirotaka Takahashi , Hideyuki Tagoshi , Misao Sasaki

The intricacies of black hole ringdown analysis are amplified by the absence of a complete set of orthogonal basis functions for quasinormal modes. Although damped sinusoids effectively fit the ringdown signals from binary black hole…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-09 Hengrui Zhu , Justin L. Ripley , Alejandro Cárdenas-Avendaño , Frans Pretorius

A perturbed black hole rings down by emitting gravitational waves in tones with specific frequencies and durations. Such tones encode prized information about the geometry of the source spacetime and the fundamental nature of gravity,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-07-15 Maximiliano Isi , Will M. Farr

The quasinormal mode spectrum of gravitational waves emitted during the black hole ringdown relaxation phase, following the merger of a black hole binary, is a crucial target of gravitational wave astronomy. By considering causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-20 A. Kehagias , A. Riotto

Studies of quasinormal modes (QNMs) of black holes have a long and well established history. Predominantly, much research in this area has customarily focused on the equations given by Regge, Wheeler and Zerilli. In this work we study…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-05 Bishop Mongwane , Sipho Nkele , Didam G. A. Duniya , Nigel T. Bishop

The ringdown gravitational wave signal arising e.g., in the final stage of a black hole binary merger, contains important information about the properties of the remnant, and can potentially be used to perform clean tests of general…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-22 Taillte May , Sizheng Ma , Justin L. Ripley , William E. East

The direct discovery of gravitational waves from compact binary systems leads for the first time to explore the possibility of black hole spectroscopy. Newly formed black holes produced by coalescing events are copious emitters of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-05-24 Andrea Maselli , Kostas Kokkotas , Pablo Laguna

In this work, quasinormal modes (QNMs) of the Schwarzschild black hole are investigated by taking into account the quantum fluctuations. Gravitational and Dirac perturbations were considered for this case. The Regge-Wheeler gauge and the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-05 Mahamat Saleh , Bouetou Bouetou Thomas , Kofané Timoléon Crépin

In this paper, we present a detailed study of axial gravitational perturbations of the regular black hole solution in asymptotically safe gravity, as proposed in \cite{Bonanno:2023rzk}. We analyze the quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum of this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-07 Qi-Long Shi , Rui Wang , Wei Xiong , Peng-Cheng Li

One of the most triumphant predictions of the theory if general relativity was the recent LIGO-Virgo detection of gravitational wave (GW) signals produced in binary black hole (BH) mergers. However, it is suggested that exotic compact…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-01-15 Qingwen Wang , Naritaka Oshita , Niayesh Afshordi

In the aftermath of a binary black hole merger event, the gravitational wave signal emitted by the remnant black hole is modeled as a superposition of damped sinusoids known as quasinormal modes. While the dominant quasinormal modes…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-18 Sophia Yi , Adrien Kuntz , Enrico Barausse , Emanuele Berti , Mark Ho-Yeuk Cheung , Konstantinos Kritos , Andrea Maselli

The rapid advancement of gravitational wave astronomy in recent years has paved the way for the burgeoning development of black hole spectroscopy, which enhances the possibility of testing black holes by their quasinormal modes (QNMs). In…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-12-16 Che-Yu Chen , Yu-Hsien Kung , Pisin Chen

In this paper we describe a model for the $(\ell=2, m=0)$ spherical harmonic mode of the gravitational wave signal emitted by the coalescence of binary black holes, in particular, spin-aligned systems. This mode can be viewed as consisting…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-29 Maria Rosselló-Sastre , Sascha Husa , Sayantani Bera

The observation of gravitational waves emitted during the merging phase of compact binary coalescing objects has opened a new field of investigation in fundamental physics. It is now possible to test the predictions of General Relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-09 Marco Danilo Claudio Torri , Fulvio Ricci , Marco Giammarchi , Lino Miramonti , Valerio Toso , Chiara Sigala

The ringdown phase following a binary black hole coalescence is a powerful tool for measuring properties of the remnant black hole. Future gravitational wave detectors will increase the precision of these measurements and may be sensitive…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-18 Thomas F. M. Spieksma , Vitor Cardoso , Gregorio Carullo , Matteo Della Rocca , Francisco Duque

Perturbations of black holes, initially considered in the context of possible observations of astrophysical effects, have been studied for the past ten years in string theory, brane-world models and quantum gravity. Through the famous…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-29 R. A. Konoplya , A. Zhidenko

Exploring gravitational theories beyond general relativity (GR) with black hole (BH) spectroscopy requires accurate and flexible methods for computing their quasinormal mode (QNM) spectrum. A popular method of choice is the higher-order…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-05 Ruijing Tang , Nicola Franchini , Sebastian H. Völkel , Emanuele Berti

We study the dynamical excitation of quasinormal modes (QNMs) through the plunge, merger and ringdown of an extreme-mass-ratio-inspiral into a Schwarzschild black hole, for generic orbital configurations. We work out the QNM causality…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Marina De Amicis , Enrico Cannizzaro , Gregorio Carullo , Laura Sberna

We study the quasi-normal modes (QNM) of scalar, electromagnetic and gravitational perturbations of black holes in general relativity whose horizons have toroidal, cylindrical or planar topology in an asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Vitor Cardoso , Jose' P. S. Lemos

The remnant of a black hole binary merger settles into a stationary configuration by "ringing down" through the emission of gravitational waves that consist of a superposition of damped exponentials with discrete complex frequencies - the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-12-11 Matteo Della Rocca , Laura Pezzella , Emanuele Berti , Leonardo Gualtieri , Andrea Maselli