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AI agent-based systems are becoming increasingly integral to modern software architectures, enabling autonomous decision-making, dynamic task execution, and multimodal interactions through large language models (LLMs). However, these…

Expertise is often built by learning from examples. This process, known as schema induction, helps us identify patterns from examples. Despite its importance, schema induction remains a challenging cognitive task. Recent advances in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Sitong Wang , Lydia B. Chilton

An intent modelling and inference framework is presented to assist the defense planning for protecting a geo-fence against unauthorized flights. First, a novel mathematical definition for the intent of an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-16 Kesav Kaza , Varun Mehta , Hamid Azad , Miodrag Bolic , Iraj Mantegh

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

Scientific experimentation and manufacturing rely on prolonged protocol development and complex, multi-step implementation, which require continuous human expertise for precise execution and decision-making, limiting interpretability and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xinyi Lin , Yuyang Zhang , Yuanhang Gan , Juntao Chen , Hao Shen , Yichun He , Lijun Li , Ze Yuan , Shuang Wang , Chaohao Wang , Rui Zhang , Na Li , Jia Liu

APT, known as Advanced Persistent Threat, is a difficult challenge for cyber defence. These threats make many traditional defences ineffective as the vulnerabilities exploited by these threats are insiders who have access to and are within…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Mohammad Mamun , Kevin Shi

The rapid proliferation of Model Context Protocol (MCP)-based agentic systems has introduced a new category of security threats that existing frameworks are inadequately equipped to address. We present MCPThreatHive, an open-source platform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yi Ting Shen , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

Advanced persistent threats (APT) are stealthy cyber-attacks that are aimed at stealing valuable information from target organizations and tend to extend in time. Blocking all APTs is impossible, security experts caution, hence the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Ghita Berrada , James Cheney , Petko Valtchev

Threat modeling is a crucial component of cybersecurity, particularly for industries such as banking, where the security of financial data is paramount. Traditional threat modeling approaches require expert intervention and manual effort,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Tingmin Wu , Shuiqiao Yang , Shigang Liu , David Nguyen , Seung Jang , Alsharif Abuadbba

Human oversight of AI is promoted as a safeguard against risks such as inaccurate outputs, system malfunctions, or violations of fundamental rights, and is mandated in regulation like the European AI Act. Yet debates on human oversight have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Jonas C. Ditz , Veronika Lazar , Elmar Lichtmeß , Carola Plesch , Matthias Heck , Kevin Baum , Markus Langer

As intelligence increases, so does its shadow. AI deception, in which systems induce false beliefs to secure self-beneficial outcomes, has evolved from a speculative concern to an empirically demonstrated risk across language models, AI…

Threat modeling has been successfully applied to model technical threats within information systems. However, a lack of methods focusing on non-technical assets and their representation can be observed in theory and practice. Following the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Jan von der Assen , Jasmin Hochuli , Thomas Grübl , Burkhard Stiller

Visual Generative AI models have demonstrated remarkable capability in generating high-quality images from user inputs like text prompts. However, because these models have billions of parameters, they risk memorizing certain parts of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lena Reissinger , Yuanyuan Li , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Neeraj Sarna

As the deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in high-stakes sectors - like healthcare, finance, education, justice, and infrastructure has increased - the possibility and impact of failures of these systems have significantly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Aoun E Muhammad , Kin Choong Yow , Jamel Baili , Yongwon Cho , Yunyoung Nam

Collaborative AI systems aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This setting imposes potentially hazardous circumstances due to contacts that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Matteo Camilli , Michael Felderer , Andrea Giusti , Dominik T. Matt , Anna Perini , Barbara Russo , Angelo Susi

An Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) is a multistage, highly sophisticated, and covert form of cyber threat that gains unauthorized access to networks to either steal valuable data or disrupt the targeted network. These threats often remain…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Bassam Noori Shaker , Bahaa Al-Musawi , Mohammed Falih Hassan

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is playing a vital role in all aspects of technology including cyber security. Application of Conversational AI like the chatbots are also becoming very popular in the medical field to provide timely and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Ruby Annette J , Aisha Banu , Sharon Priya S , Subash Chandran

Prompt engineering is an iterative procedure often requiring extensive manual effort to formulate suitable instructions for effectively directing large language models (LLMs) in specific tasks. Incorporating few-shot examples is a vital and…

For a qualitative system sound security practices must be a crucial part throughout the entire software lifecycle. Furthermore, agile software development has paved the way for overcoming the problems faced by developers during traditional…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-12-25 Sonia , Archana Singhal , Hema Banati

Cyber attacks threaten economic interests, critical infrastructure, and public health and safety. To counter this, entities adopt cyber threat hunting, a proactive approach that involves formulating hypotheses and searching for attack…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Mustafa F. Abdelwahed , Ahmed Shafee , Joan Espasa