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We analyzed the associations between Bitcoin transactions and addresses to cluster address and further find groups of addresses controlled by the same entity. It revealed the vulnerabilities of Bitcoin anonymity mechanism, which could be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-13 He Xi , He Ketai , Lin Shenwen , Yang Jinglin , Mao Hongliang

Exploring transactions within the Bitcoin blockchain entails examining the transfer of bitcoins among several hundred million entities. However, it is often impractical and resource-consuming to study such a vast number of entities.…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-03-04 Hugo Schnoering , Pierre Porthaux , Michalis Vazirgiannis

The development of clustering heuristics has demonstrated that Bitcoin is not completely anonymous. Currently, existing clustering heuristics only consider confirmed transactions recorded in the Bitcoin blockchain. However, unconfirmed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Kai Wang , Maike Tong , Changhao Wu , Jun Pang , Chen Chen , Xiapu Luo , Weili Han

Blockchain analysis is essential for understanding how cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin are used in practice, and address clustering is a cornerstone of blockchain analysis. However, current techniques rely on heuristics that have not been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Malte Möser , Arvind Narayanan

One of the defining features of Bitcoin and the thousands of cryptocurrencies that have been derived from it is a globally visible transaction ledger. While Bitcoin uses pseudonyms as a way to hide the identity of its participants, a long…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-30 George Kappos , Haaroon Yousaf , Rainer Stütz , Sofia Rollet , Bernhard Haslhofer , Sarah Meiklejohn

Cluster analysis plays an important role in decision making process for many knowledge-based systems. There exist a wide variety of different approaches for clustering applications including the heuristic techniques, probabilistic models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-09 Kayvan Bijari , Hadi Zare , Hadi Veisi , Hossein Bobarshad

Bitcoin is built on a blockchain, an immutable decentralised ledger that allows entities (users) to exchange Bitcoins in a pseudonymous manner. Bitcoins are associated with alpha-numeric addresses and are transferred via transactions. Each…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jan Alexander Fischer , Andres Palechor , Daniele Dell'Aglio , Abraham Bernstein , Claudio J. Tessone

Address clustering tries to construct the one-to-many mapping from entities to addresses in the Bitcoin system. Simple heuristics based on the micro-structure of transactions have proved very effective in practice. In this paper we describe…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-17 Martin Harrigan , Christoph Fretter

Anonymity is one of the most important qualities of blockchain technology. For example, one can simply create a bitcoin address to send and receive funds without providing KYC to any authority. In general, the real identity behind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Mengjiao Wang , Hikaru Ichijo , Bob Xiao

Clustering is an unsupervised machine learning task that consists of identifying groups of similar objects. It has numerous applications and is increasingly used in fairness-sensitive domains where objects represent individuals, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Claudio Mantuano , Manuel Kammermann , Philipp Baumann

This research delves into the intricacies of Bitcoin, a decentralized peer-to-peer network, and its associated blockchain, which records all transactions since its inception. While this ensures integrity and transparency, the transparent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Hugo Schnoering , Michalis Vazirgiannis

The distribution of consensus power is a cornerstone of decentralisation, influencing the security, resilience, and fairness of blockchain networks while ensuring equitable impact among participants. This study provides a rigorous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Kamil Tylinski , Abylay Satybaldy , Paolo Tasca

Clustering a graph means identifying internally dense subgraphs which are only sparsely interconnected. Formalizations of this notion lead to measures that quantify the quality of a clustering and to algorithms that actually find…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-12-12 Robert Görke , Andrea Schumm , Dorothea Wagner

Bitcoin (BTC) pseudonyms (layer 1) can effectively be deanonymized using heuristic clustering techniques. However, while performing transactions off-chain (layer 2) in the Lightning Network (LN) seems to enhance privacy, a systematic…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-11 Matteo Romiti , Friedhelm Victor , Pedro Moreno-Sanchez , Peter Sebastian Nordholt , Bernhard Haslhofer , Matteo Maffei

Clustering analysis is of substantial significance for data mining. The properties of big data raise higher demand for more efficient and economical distributed clustering methods. However, existing distributed clustering methods mainly…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-07-03 Yifeng Xiao , Jiang Xue , Deyu Meng

Hierarchical clustering is a stronger extension of one of today's most influential unsupervised learning methods: clustering. The goal of this method is to create a hierarchy of clusters, thus constructing cluster evolutionary history and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-01-14 MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Marina Knittel

Real-world networks often come with side information that can help to improve the performance of network analysis tasks such as clustering. Despite a large number of empirical and theoretical studies conducted on network clustering methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-29 Guillaume Braun , Hemant Tyagi , Christophe Biernacki

We introduce the use of hierarchical clustering for relaxed, deterministic coordination and control of multiple robots. Traditionally an unsupervised learning method, hierarchical clustering offers a formalism for identifying and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2015-07-08 Omur Arslan , Dan P. Guralnik , Daniel E. Koditschek

In this work we focus on efficient heuristics for solving a class of stochastic planning problems that arise in a variety of business, investment, and industrial applications. The problem is best described in terms of future buy and sell…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-14 Milos Hauskrecht , Eli Upfal

Hierarchical clustering is a popular unsupervised data analysis method. For many real-world applications, we would like to exploit prior information about the data that imposes constraints on the clustering hierarchy, and is not captured by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-07-17 Vaggos Chatziafratis , Rad Niazadeh , Moses Charikar
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