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Automated Program Repair (APR) aspires to automatically generate patches for an input buggy program. Traditional APR tools typically focus on specific bug types and fixes through the use of templates, heuristics, and formal specifications.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Chunqiu Steven Xia , Yifeng Ding , Lingming Zhang

In the research of automated program repair (APR), benchmark datasets consisting of known defects in combination with test suites that indicate the defects are of high importance. They allow for an evidence-based comparison of different APR…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Adam Krafczyk , Klaus Schmid

Automated Program Repair (APR) agents leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously diagnose and fix software bugs through reasoning, planning, and tool use. Despite impressive leaderboard gains on benchmarks such as SWE-bench,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Ira Ceka , Hailie Mitchell , Saurabh Pujar , Luca Buratti , Shyam Ramji , Junfeng Yang , Gail Kaiser , Baishakhi Ray

Automatic program repair (APR) aims to reduce the manual efforts required to identify and fix errors in source code. Before the rise of LLM-based agents, a common strategy was to increase the number of generated patches, sometimes to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Recent advances in leveraging LLMs for APR have demonstrated impressive capabilities in fixing software defects. However, current LLM-based approaches predominantly focus on mainstream programming languages like Java and Python, neglecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenqiang Luo , Jacky Wai Keung , Boyang Yang , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande , Haoye Tian , Bach Le

Automated program repair (APR) aims to help developers improve software reliability by generating patches for buggy programs. Although many code language models (CLM) are developed and effective in many software tasks such as code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Nan Jiang , Kevin Liu , Thibaud Lutellier , Lin Tan

Automated Program Repair (APR) struggles with complex logic errors and silent failures. Current LLM-based APR methods are mostly static, relying on source code and basic test outputs, which fail to accurately capture complex runtime…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Jiaqing Wu , Tong Wu , Manqing Zhang , Yunwei Dong , Bo Shen

Large language models (LLMs) are reshaping automated program repair. We present a unified taxonomy that groups 62 recent LLM-based repair systems into four paradigms defined by parameter adaptation and control authority over the repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Boyang Yang , Zijian Cai , Fengling Liu , Bach Le , Lingming Zhang , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Yang Liu , Haoye Tian

Automated generation of feedback on programming assignments holds significant benefits for programming education, especially when it comes to advanced assignments. Automated Program Repair techniques, especially Large Language Model based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Qianhui Zhao , Fang Liu , Li Zhang , Yang Liu , Zhen Yan , Zhenghao Chen , Yufei Zhou , Jing Jiang , Ge Li

Automated Program Repair (APR) uses various tools and techniques to help developers achieve functional and error-free code faster. In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained popularity as components in APR tool chains because…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Roman Macháček , Anastasiia Grishina , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

[...] Since then, various APR approaches, especially those leveraging the power of large language models (LLMs), have been rapidly developed to fix general software bugs. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of these advanced techniques in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Anh Ho , Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Christine Rizkallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising performance on various programming tasks, including Automatic Program Repair (APR). However, most approaches to LLM-based APR are limited to the static analysis of the programs, while disregarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Mirazul Haque , Petr Babkin , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Manuela Veloso

This paper describes our approach to automated program repair. We combine various techniques from the literature to achieve this. Our experiments show that our approach performs better than other techniques on standard benchmarks. However,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mahinthan Chandramohan , Jovan Jancic , Yuntong Zhang , Padmanabhan Krishnan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in multiple software engineering tasks including code generation, program repair, code summarisation, and test generation. Fault localisation is instrumental in enabling automated debugging…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Yonghao Wu , Zheng Li , Jie M. Zhang , Mike Papadakis , Mark Harman , Yong Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are effective for automated program repair, but plausible patches that pass the full test suite often rewrite more code than necessary, increasing review and maintenance costs. This over-editing is common…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Boyang Yang , Zijian Cai , Shunfu Jin , Haoye Tian

Research shows that errors in natural language can be corrected by translating texts to another language and back using language models. We explore to what extent this latent correction capability extends to Automated Program Repair (APR)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Fernando Vallecillos Ruiz , Anastasiia Grishina , Max Hort , Leon Moonen

Automated program repair (APR) has great potential to reduce the effort and time-consumption in software maintenance and becomes a hot topic in software engineering recently with many approaches being proposed. Multi-location program repair…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Shangwen Wang , Xiaoguang Mao , Nan Niu , Xin Yi , Anbang Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance in code completion. However, the training data used to develop these models often contain a significant amount of buggy code. Yet, it remains unclear to what extent these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Liwei Guo , Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Xiang Chen , Yuxia Zhang , Bo Wang , Jie M. Zhang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu

Automated program repair techniques, which target to generating correct patches for real world defects automatically, have gained a lot of attention in the last decade. Many different techniques and tools have been proposed and developed.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-05-15 Jiajun Jiang , Yingfei Xiong

In this paper, we first show that increases in beam size, even for small-sized LLMs (1B-7B params), require extensive GPU usage, leading to up to 80% of recurring crashes due to memory overloads in LLM-based APR. Seemingly simple solutions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Thanh Le-Cong , Bach Le , Toby Murray