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In recent years, extensive research has emerged in affective computing on topics like automatic emotion recognition and determining the signals that characterize individual emotions. Much less studied, however, is expressiveness, or the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Victoria Lin , Jeffrey M. Girard , Louis-Philippe Morency

As a critical psychological stress response, micro-expressions (MEs) are fleeting and subtle facial movements revealing genuine emotions. Automatic ME recognition (MER) holds valuable applications in fields such as criminal investigation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Shifeng Liu , Xinglong Mao , Sirui Zhao , Peiming Li , Tong Xu , Enhong Chen

The field of hypothesis generation promises to reduce costs in neuroscience by narrowing the range of interventional studies needed to study various phenomena. Existing machine learning methods can generate scientific hypotheses from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Zachary C. Brown , David Carlson

Machine learning models, by virtue of training, learn a large repertoire of decision rules for any given input, and any one of these may suffice to justify a prediction. However, in high-dimensional input spaces, such rules are difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Pirzada Suhail , Aditya Anand , Amit Sethi

Micro-expressions (MEs) are spontaneous, unconscious facial expressions that have promising applications in various fields such as psychotherapy and national security. Thus, micro-expression recognition (MER) has attracted more and more…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Ruolin Li , Lu Wang , Tingting Yang , Lisheng Xu , Bingyang Ma , Yongchun Li , Hongchao Wei

While machine learning approaches to visual emotion recognition offer great promise, current methods consider training and testing models on small scale datasets covering limited visual emotion concepts. Our analysis identifies an important…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-08 Rameswar Panda , Jianming Zhang , Haoxiang Li , Joon-Young Lee , Xin Lu , Amit K. Roy-Chowdhury

Interpreting the inner function of neural networks is crucial for the trustworthy development and deployment of these black-box models. Prior interpretability methods focus on correlation-based measures to attribute model decisions to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ola Ahmad , Nicolas Bereux , Loïc Baret , Vahid Hashemi , Freddy Lecue

Visual emotion analysis holds significant research value in both computer vision and psychology. However, existing methods for visual emotion analysis suffer from limited generalizability due to the ambiguity of emotion perception and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Chuang Chen , Xiao Sun , Zhi Liu

Micro-expressions are involuntary facial movements that cannot be consciously controlled, conveying subtle cues with substantial real-world applications. The analysis of micro-expressions generally involves two main tasks: spotting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Bochao Zou , Zizheng Guo , Wenfeng Qin , Xin Li , Kangsheng Wang , Huimin Ma

Causal discovery is essential for advancing data-driven fields such as scientific AI and data analysis, yet existing approaches face significant time- and space-efficiency bottlenecks when scaling to large graphs. To address this challenge,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Bo Peng , Sirui Chen , Jiaguo Tian , Yu Qiao , Chaochao Lu

Understanding emotions and expressions is a task of interest across multiple disciplines, especially for improving user experiences. Contrary to the common perception, it has been shown that emotions are not discrete entities but instead…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Niklas Wagner , Felix Mätzler , Samed R. Vossberg , Helen Schneider , Svetlana Pavlitska , J. Marius Zöllner

Automatic Micro-Expression (ME) spotting in long videos is a crucial step in ME analysis but also a challenging task due to the short duration and low intensity of MEs. When solving this problem, previous works generally lack in considering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Shukang Yin , Shiwei Wu , Tong Xu , Shifeng Liu , Sirui Zhao , Enhong Chen

Causal graph discovery is a significant problem with applications across various disciplines. However, with observational data alone, the underlying causal graph can only be recovered up to its Markov equivalence class, and further…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Davin Choo , Kirankumar Shiragur , Caroline Uhler

Micro-expressions are brief and subtle facial movements that convey nuanced affective information but often remain imperceptible during natural social interaction. Although prior research has primarily focused on computational recognition…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Feiyang Yin , Isidro Butaslac , Patrick Gebhard , Monica Perusquia-Hernandez , Zhaofeng Niu , Taishi Sawabe , Hirokazu Kato

Causal models communicate our assumptions about causes and effects in real-world phe- nomena. Often the interest lies in the identification of the effect of an action which means deriving an expression from the observed probability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-20 Santtu Tikka , Juha Karvanen

Facial expressions are one of the most effective ways for non-verbal communications, which can be expressed as the Micro-Expression (ME) in the high-stake situations. The MEs are involuntary, rapid, and, subtle, and they can reveal real…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Vida Esmaeili , Mahmood Mohassel Feghhi , Seyed Omid Shahdi

Graphical causal models are an important tool for knowledge discovery because they can represent both the causal relations between variables and the multivariate probability distributions over the data. Once learned, causal graphs can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-11 Andrew J Sedgewick , Joseph D. Ramsey , Peter Spirtes , Clark Glymour , Panayiotis V. Benos

Identifying and controlling bias is a key problem in empirical sciences. Causal diagram theory provides graphical criteria for deciding whether and how causal effects can be identified from observed (nonexperimental) data by covariate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Johannes Textor , Maciej Liskiewicz

When a person attempts to conceal an emotion, the genuine emotion is manifest as a micro-expression. Exploration of automatic facial micro-expression recognition systems is relatively new in the computer vision domain. This is due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Sze-Teng Liong , Y. S. Gan , Wei-Chuen Yau , Yen-Chang Huang , Tan Lit Ken

Facial Action Coding System is an approach for modeling the complexity of human emotional expression. Automatic action unit (AU) detection is a crucial research area in human-computer interaction. This paper describes our submission to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Duy Le Hoai , Eunchae Lim , Eunbin Choi , Sieun Kim , Sudarshan Pant , Guee-Sang Lee , Soo-Huyng Kim , Hyung-Jeong Yang