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For task-oriented dialog systems to be maximally useful, it must be able to process conversations in a way that is (1) generalizable with a small number of training examples for new task domains, and (2) robust to user input in various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Baolin Peng , Chunyuan Li , Zhu Zhang , Chenguang Zhu , Jinchao Li , Jianfeng Gao

Large and small language models have been widely used for robotic task planning. At the same time, vision-language models (VLMs) have successfully tackled problems such as image captioning, scene understanding, and visual question…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Cristiano Battistini , Riccardo Andrea Izzo , Gianluca Bardaro , Matteo Matteucci

Various deep learning-based approaches utilizing pre-trained language models (PLMs) have been proposed for automated vulnerability detection. With recent advancements in large language models (LLMs), several studies have begun exploring…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Honglin Shu , Michael Fu , Junji Yu , Dong Wang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Junjie Chen , Yasutaka Kamei

Natural language understanding (NLU) is the task of semantic decoding of human languages by machines. NLU models rely heavily on large training data to ensure good performance. However, substantial languages and domains have very few data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-22 Zihan Liu

The evaluation of machine learning models typically relies mainly on performance metrics based on loss functions, which risk to overlook changes in performance in relevant subgroups. Auditing tools such as SliceFinder and SliceLine were…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Rudolf Debelak

The evaluation of large language models (LLMs) relies heavily on standardized benchmarks. These benchmarks provide useful aggregated metrics for a given capability, but those aggregated metrics can obscure (i) particular sub-areas where the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Matyas Bohacek , Nino Scherrer , Nicholas Dufour , Thomas Leung , Christoph Bregler , Stephanie C. Y. Chan

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) trained on web-scale image-text pairs have enabled impressive zero-shot transfer across a diverse range of visual tasks. However, comprehensive and independent evaluation beyond standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Jia Chengyu , AprilPyone MaungMaung , Huy H. Nguyen , Jinyin Chen , Isao Echizen

Evaluation is the baton for the development of large language models. Current evaluations typically employ a single-item assessment paradigm for each atomic test objective, which struggles to discern whether a model genuinely possesses the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Boxi Cao , Mengjie Ren , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Feng Zhang , Junfeng Zhan , Le Sun

Large language models (LLMs) are powerful tools capable of handling diverse tasks. Comparing and selecting appropriate LLMs for specific tasks requires systematic evaluation methods, as models exhibit varying capabilities across different…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Anna Sokol , Elizabeth Daly , Michael Hind , David Piorkowski , Xiangliang Zhang , Nuno Moniz , Nitesh Chawla

Empowering large language models to accurately express confidence in their answers is essential for trustworthy decision-making. Previous confidence elicitation methods, which primarily rely on white-box access to internal model information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Miao Xiong , Zhiyuan Hu , Xinyang Lu , Yifei Li , Jie Fu , Junxian He , Bryan Hooi

The burgeoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have underscored the need for alignment to ensure these models act in accordance with human values and intentions. Existing alignment frameworks present constraints either in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Leitian Tao , Yixuan Li

Entity Linking (EL) is an essential and challenging task in natural language processing that seeks to link some text representing an entity within a document or sentence with its corresponding entry in a dictionary or knowledge base. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Yifan Ding , Qingkai Zeng , Tim Weninger

Evaluation benchmarks are the cornerstone of measuring capabilities of large language models (LLMs), as well as driving progress in said capabilities. Originally designed to make claims about capabilities (or lack thereof) in fully…

A fundamental open challenge in modern LLM scaling is the lack of understanding around emergent capabilities. In particular, language model pretraining loss is known to be highly predictable as a function of compute. However, downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Charlie Snell , Eric Wallace , Dan Klein , Sergey Levine

State-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models are trained on massive training corpora, and report a superlative performance on evaluation datasets. This survey delves into an important attribute of these datasets: the dialect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Aditya Joshi , Raj Dabre , Diptesh Kanojia , Zhuang Li , Haolan Zhan , Gholamreza Haffari , Doris Dippold

Benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) have predominantly assessed short-horizon, localized reasoning. Existing long-horizon suites (e.g. SWE-bench) rely on manually curated issues, so expanding or tuning difficulty demands expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Kaivalya Hariharan , Uzay Girit , Atticus Wang , Jacob Andreas

Competency modeling is widely used in human resource management to select, develop, and evaluate talent. However, traditional expert-driven approaches rely heavily on manual analysis of large volumes of interview transcripts, making them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Silin Du , Manqing Xin , Raymond Jia Wang

General large language models enhanced with supervised fine-tuning and reinforcement learning from human feedback are increasingly popular in academia and industry as they generalize foundation models to various practical tasks in a prompt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Shiguo Lian , Kaikai Zhao , Xinhui Liu , Xuejiao Lei , Bikun Yang , Wenjing Zhang , Kai Wang , Zhaoxiang Liu

Requirements Engineering (RE) is the initial step towards building a software system. The success or failure of a software project is firmly tied to this phase, based on communication among stakeholders using natural language. The problem…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mohammad Kasra Habib , Stefan Wagner , Daniel Graziotin

Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) relies on the powerful LLM to perform multimodal tasks, showing amazing emergent abilities in recent studies, such as writing poems based on an image. However, it is difficult for these case studies to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chaoyou Fu , Peixian Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Mengdan Zhang , Xu Lin , Jinrui Yang , Xiawu Zheng , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Yunsheng Wu , Rongrong Ji , Caifeng Shan , Ran He