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Deep learning models are effective, yet brittle. Even carefully trained, their behavior tends to be hard to predict when confronted with out-of-distribution samples. In this work, our goal is to propose a simple yet effective solution to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Gabriela Csurka , Tyler L. Hayes , Diane Larlus , Riccardo Volpi

The development and evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) have largely focused on individual capabilities. However, this overlooks the intersection of multiple abilities across different types of expertise that are often required for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities, yet their outputs often suffer from misalignment with human preferences due to the inadequacy of weak supervision and a lack of fine-grained control. Training-time alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Zhenyu Ding , Yuhao Wang , Tengyue Xiao , Haoying Wang , Caigui Jiang , Ning Ding

Evaluating the capabilities and risks of foundation models is paramount, yet current methods demand extensive domain expertise, hindering their scalability as these models rapidly evolve. We introduce SKATE: a novel evaluation framework in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Dewi S. W. Gould , Bruno Mlodozeniec , Samuel F. Brown

With an evergrowing number of LLMs reporting superlative performance for English, their ability to perform equitably for different dialects of English ($\textit{i.e.}$, dialect robustness) needs to be ascertained. Specifically, we use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Dipankar Srirag , Nihar Ranjan Sahoo , Aditya Joshi

Manual vulnerability scoring, such as assigning Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) scores, is a resource-intensive process that is often influenced by subjective interpretation. This study investigates the potential of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Sima Jafarikhah , Daniel Thompson , Eva Deans , Hossein Siadati , Yi Liu

From pre-trained language model (PLM) to large language model (LLM), the field of natural language processing (NLP) has witnessed steep performance gains and wide practical uses. The evaluation of a research field guides its direction of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Ziyu Zhuang , Qiguang Chen , Longxuan Ma , Mingda Li , Yi Han , Yushan Qian , Haopeng Bai , Zixian Feng , Weinan Zhang , Ting Liu

Despite various approaches being employed to detect vulnerabilities, the number of reported vulnerabilities shows an upward trend over the years. This suggests the problems are not caught before the code is released, which could be caused…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Karl Tamberg , Hayretdin Bahsi

Current evaluations of large language models (LLMs) rely on benchmark scores, but it is difficult to interpret what these individual scores reveal about a model's overall skills. Specifically, as a community we lack understanding of how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Aviya Maimon , Amir DN Cohen , Gal Vishne , Shauli Ravfogel , Reut Tsarfaty

There is a growing interest in natural language-based user profiles for recommender systems, which aims to enhance transparency and scrutability compared with embedding-based methods. Existing studies primarily generate these profiles using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhaolin Gao , Joyce Zhou , Yijia Dai , Thorsten Joachims

The growing integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into critical societal domains has raised concerns about embedded biases that can perpetuate stereotypes and undermine fairness. Such biases may stem from historical inequalities in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Riccardo Cantini , Alessio Orsino , Massimo Ruggiero , Domenico Talia

The rapid development and dynamic nature of large language models (LLMs) make it difficult for conventional quantitative benchmarks to accurately assess their capabilities. We propose report cards, which are human-interpretable, natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Blair Yang , Fuyang Cui , Keiran Paster , Jimmy Ba , Pashootan Vaezipoor , Silviu Pitis , Michael R. Zhang

Current Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in general reasoning yet struggle with specialized tasks requiring proprietary or domain-specific knowledge. Fine-tuning large models for every niche application is often infeasible due to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yizhu Jiao , Xuchao Zhang , Zhaoyang Wang , Yubo Ma , Zhun Deng , Rujia Wang , Chetan Bansal , Saravan Rajmohan , Jiawei Han , Huaxiu Yao

This paper introduces Evalverse, a novel library that streamlines the evaluation of Large Language Models (LLMs) by unifying disparate evaluation tools into a single, user-friendly framework. Evalverse enables individuals with limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jihoo Kim , Wonho Song , Dahyun Kim , Yunsu Kim , Yungi Kim , Chanjun Park

With the rapid development of evaluation datasets to assess LLMs understanding across a wide range of subjects and domains, identifying a suitable language understanding benchmark has become increasingly challenging. In this work, we…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into safety-critical workflows, yet existing security analyses remain fragmented and often isolate model behavior from the broader system context. This work introduces a goal-driven…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP tasks, they still need external tools to extend their ability. Current research on tool learning with LLMs often assumes mandatory tool use, which does not always align with real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Kangyun Ning , Yisong Su , Xueqiang Lv , Yuanzhe Zhang , Jian Liu , Kang Liu , Jinan Xu

In the maintenance of complex systems, fault trees are used to locate problems and provide targeted solutions. To enable fault trees stored as images to be directly processed by large language models, which can assist in tracking and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yuhui Wang , Zhixiong Yang , Ming Zhang , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Enyu Zhou , Senjie Jin , Yujiong Shen , Dingwei Zhu , Yi Dong , Tao Gui , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang

Language Models (LMs) have shown promising performance in natural language generation. However, as LMs often generate incorrect or hallucinated responses, it is crucial to correctly quantify their uncertainty in responding to given inputs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Xinmeng Huang , Shuo Li , Mengxin Yu , Matteo Sesia , Hamed Hassani , Insup Lee , Osbert Bastani , Edgar Dobriban

Vision-language models (VLMs) pre-trained on web-scale datasets have demonstrated remarkable capabilities on downstream tasks when fine-tuned with minimal data. However, many VLMs rely on proprietary data and are not open-source, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Shihong Liu , Zhiqiu Lin , Samuel Yu , Ryan Lee , Tiffany Ling , Deepak Pathak , Deva Ramanan