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Backdoor attacks pose a serious security threat for training neural networks as they surreptitiously introduce hidden functionalities into a model. Such backdoors remain silent during inference on clean inputs, evading detection due to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Lukas Struppek , Martin B. Hentschel , Clifton Poth , Dominik Hintersdorf , Kristian Kersting

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering (VQA). However, as their applications become increasingly widespread, recent studies have revealed that VLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ji Guo , Xiaolong Qin , Cencen Liu , Jielei Wang , Jierun Chen , Wenbo Jiang

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, such as backdoor attacks in which a malicious adversary compromises a model during training such that specific behaviour can be triggered at test time by attaching a specific word…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-21 You Guo , Jun Wang , Trevor Cohn

Deep learning models have consistently outperformed traditional machine learning models in various classification tasks, including image classification. As such, they have become increasingly prevalent in many real world applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-08-31 Cong Liao , Haoti Zhong , Anna Squicciarini , Sencun Zhu , David Miller

Multimodal contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for building high-quality features using the complementary strengths of various data modalities. However, the open nature of such systems inadvertently increases the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Siyuan Liang , Kuanrong Liu , Jiajun Gong , Jiawei Liang , Yuan Xun , Ee-Chien Chang , Xiaochun Cao

This paper introduces a novel method, Sample-efficient Probabilistic Detection using Extreme Value Theory (SPADE), which transforms a classifier into an abstaining classifier, offering provable protection against out-of-distribution and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-20 Nicolas Atienza , Christophe Labreuche , Johanne Cohen , Michele Sebag

Machine learning models are vulnerable to data-poisoning attacks, in which an attacker maliciously modifies the training set to change the prediction of a learned model. In a trigger-less attack, the attacker can modify the training set but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Yuhao Zhang , Aws Albarghouthi , Loris D'Antoni

By injecting a small number of poisoned samples into the training set, backdoor attacks aim to make the victim model produce designed outputs on any input injected with pre-designed backdoors. In order to achieve a high attack success rate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Minlong Peng , Zidi Xiong , Quang H. Nguyen , Mingming Sun , Khoa D. Doan , Ping Li

As collaborative learning allows joint training of a model using multiple sources of data, the security problem has been a central concern. Malicious users can upload poisoned data to prevent the model's convergence or inject hidden…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Ximing Qiao , Yuhua Bai , Siping Hu , Ang Li , Yiran Chen , Hai Li

We demonstrate a backdoor attack on a deep neural network used for regression. The backdoor attack is localized based on training-set data poisoning wherein the mislabeled samples are surrounded by correctly labeled ones. We demonstrate how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Xi Li , George Kesidis , David J. Miller , Vladimir Lucic

Deep learning models are well known to be susceptible to backdoor attack, where the attacker only needs to provide a tampered dataset on which the triggers are injected. Models trained on the dataset will passively implant the backdoor, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zonghao Ying , Bin Wu

Backdoor attack has emerged as a major security threat to deep neural networks (DNNs). While existing defense methods have demonstrated promising results on detecting or erasing backdoors, it is still not clear whether robust training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Yige Li , Xixiang Lyu , Nodens Koren , Lingjuan Lyu , Bo Li , Xingjun Ma

Automatic speaker verification (ASV) systems are highly vulnerable to presentation attacks, also called spoofing attacks. Replay is among the simplest attacks to mount - yet difficult to detect reliably. The generalization failure of…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-24 Bhusan Chettri , Tomi Kinnunen , Emmanouil Benetos

Backdoor attacks poison the training data, causing the model to behave normally on clean inputs but predict attacker-chosen labels when trigger patterns are embedded into the input samples. Defending against such attacks is highly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Wei Guo , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio

Backdoor attacks insert malicious data into a training set so that, during inference time, it misclassifies inputs that have been patched with a backdoor trigger as the malware specified label. For backdoor attacks to bypass human…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-18 Yi Zeng , Minzhou Pan , Hoang Anh Just , Lingjuan Lyu , Meikang Qiu , Ruoxi Jia

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been enormously successful across a variety of prediction tasks. However, recent research shows that DNNs are particularly vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which poses a serious threat to their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Xiang Li , Shihao Ji

Backdoor attacks present a substantial security concern for deep learning models, especially those utilized in applications critical to safety and security. These attacks manipulate model behavior by embedding a hidden trigger during the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Yujing Jiang , Xingjun Ma , Sarah Monazam Erfani , Yige Li , James Bailey

Backdoor attacks can implant malicious behaviours into deep models while preserving performance on clean data, posing a serious threat to safety-critical vision systems. Although backdoor mitigation has been studied extensively for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Kealan Dunnett , Reza Arablouei , Dimity Miller , Volkan Dedeoglu , Raja Jurdak

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have outperformed traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) across various computer vision tasks. However, akin to CNN, ViTs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, where the adversary embeds the backdoor into…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ji Guo , Hongwei Li , Wenbo Jiang , Guoming Lu

Backdoor (trojan) attacks embed hidden, controllable behaviors into machine-learning models so that models behave normally on benign inputs but produce attacker-chosen outputs when a trigger is present. This survey reviews the rapidly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Bilal Hussain Abbasi , Yanjun Zhang , Leo Zhang , Shang Gao