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Large language models (LLMs) have opened up new possibilities for intelligent agents, endowing them with human-like thinking and cognitive abilities. In this work, we delve into the potential of large language models (LLMs) in autonomous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Erfei Cui , Wenhai Wang , Zhiqi Li , Jiangwei Xie , Haoming Zou , Hanming Deng , Gen Luo , Lewei Lu , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai

Vehicle-to-everything-aided autonomous driving (V2X-AD) has a huge potential to provide a safer driving solution. Despite extensive researches in transportation and communication to support V2X-AD, the actual utilization of these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Genjia Liu , Yue Hu , Chenxin Xu , Weibo Mao , Junhao Ge , Zhengxiang Huang , Yifan Lu , Yinda Xu , Junkai Xia , Yafei Wang , Siheng Chen

End-to-end autonomous driving has advanced significantly, offering benefits such as system simplicity and stronger driving performance in both open-loop and closed-loop settings than conventional pipelines. However, existing frameworks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Wei Liu , Jiyuan Zhang , Binxiong Zheng , Yufeng Hu , Yingzhan Lin , Zengfeng Zeng

Integrating large language models (LLMs) in autonomous vehicles enables conversation with AI systems to drive the vehicle. However, it also emphasizes the requirement for such systems to comprehend commands accurately and achieve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Can Cui , Zichong Yang , Yupeng Zhou , Yunsheng Ma , Juanwu Lu , Lingxi Li , Yaobin Chen , Jitesh Panchal , Ziran Wang

Despite significant recent progress in the field of autonomous driving, modern methods still struggle and can incur serious accidents when encountering long-tail unforeseen events and challenging urban scenarios. On the one hand, large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Hao Shao , Yuxuan Hu , Letian Wang , Steven L. Waslander , Yu Liu , Hongsheng Li

Autonomous driving systems remain brittle in rare, ambiguous, and out-of-distribution scenarios, where human driver succeed through contextual reasoning. Shared autonomy has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate such failures by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Phat Nguyen , Erfan Aasi , Shiva Sreeram , Guy Rosman , Andrew Silva , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Generating varied scenarios through simulation is crucial for training and evaluating safety-critical systems, such as autonomous vehicles. Yet, the task of modeling the trajectories of other vehicles to simulate diverse and meaningful…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Phat Nguyen , Tsun-Hsuan Wang , Zhang-Wei Hong , Sertac Karaman , Daniela Rus

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to create natural language interfaces for Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs), moving beyond rigid inputs. This paper addresses the challenge of mapping the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Marvin Seegert , Korbinian Moller , Johannes Betz

Single-vehicle Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are fundamentally constrained by sensor occlusions. While Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) systems mitigate this, current benchmarks lack the cooperative reasoning required for resolving ambiguities…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Kevin Richard , Alphin Varghese , Colin Pham , David Oh , Srijan Das

Ramp merging is one of the bottlenecks in traffic systems, which commonly cause traffic congestion, accidents, and severe carbon emissions. In order to address this essential issue and enhance the safety and efficiency of connected and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Senkang Hu , Zhengru Fang , Zihan Fang , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang , Sam Kwong

With the rise of vision-language models (VLM), their application for autonomous driving (VLM4AD) has gained significant attention. Meanwhile, in autonomous driving, closed-loop evaluation has become widely recognized as a more reliable…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Xiaosong Jia , Yuqian Shao , Zhenjie Yang , Qifeng Li , Zhiyuan Zhang , Junchi Yan

A primary hurdle of autonomous driving in urban environments is understanding complex and long-tail scenarios, such as challenging road conditions and delicate human behaviors. We introduce DriveVLM, an autonomous driving system leveraging…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Xiaoyu Tian , Junru Gu , Bailin Li , Yicheng Liu , Yang Wang , Zhiyong Zhao , Kun Zhan , Peng Jia , Xianpeng Lang , Hang Zhao

Powerful large language models (LLMs) from different providers have been expensively trained and finetuned to specialize across varying domains. In this work, we introduce a new kind of Conductor model trained with reinforcement learning to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Stefan Nielsen , Edoardo Cetin , Peter Schwendeman , Qi Sun , Jinglue Xu , Yujin Tang

Autonomous driving systems depend on on models that can reason about high-level scene contexts and accurately predict the dynamics of their surrounding environment. Vision- Language Models (VLMs) have recently emerged as promising tools for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Stefan Englmeier , Katharina Winter , Fabian B. Flohr

Decision-making and motion planning constitute critical components for ensuring the safety and efficiency of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Existing methodologies typically adopt two paradigms: decision then planning or generation then scoring.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ruoyu Yao , Yubin Wang , Haichao Liu , Rui Yang , Zengqi Peng , Lei Zhu , Jun Ma

The increasing demand for flexible and efficient urban transportation solutions has spotlighted the limitations of traditional Demand Responsive Transport (DRT) systems, particularly in accommodating diverse passenger needs and dynamic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Haichao Liu , Ruoyu Yao , Wenru Liu , Zhenmin Huang , Shaojie Shen , Jun Ma

This paper proposes a novel Large Vision-Language Model (LVLM) and Model Predictive Control (MPC) integration framework that delivers both task scalability and safety for Autonomous Driving (AD). LVLMs excel at high-level task planning…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Kazuki Atsuta , Kohei Honda , Hiroyuki Okuda , Tatsuya Suzuki

End-to-end autonomous driving frameworks face persistent challenges in generalization, training efficiency, and interpretability. While recent methods leverage Vision-Language Models (VLMs) through supervised learning on large-scale…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Lin Li , Yuxin Cai , Jianwu Fang , Jianru Xue , Chen Lv

Recent years have seen remarkable progress in autonomous driving, yet generalization to long-tail and open-world scenarios remains a major bottleneck for large-scale deployment. To address this challenge, some works use LLMs and VLMs for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Hao Shao , Letian Wang , Yang Zhou , Yuxuan Hu , Zhuofan Zong , Steven L. Waslander , Wei Zhan , Hongsheng Li

Widespread adoption of autonomous vehicles will not become a reality until solutions are developed that enable these intelligent agents to co-exist with humans. This includes safely and efficiently interacting with human-driven vehicles,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Behrad Toghi , Rodolfo Valiente , Dorsa Sadigh , Ramtin Pedarsani , Yaser P. Fallah