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The increasing deployment of Large Language Model (LLM) agents for complex software engineering tasks has created a need to understand their problem-solving behaviours beyond simple success metrics. While these agents demonstrate impressive…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Oorja Majgaonkar , Zhiwei Fei , Xiang Li , Federica Sarro , He Ye

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools and APIs to execute complex tasks specified in natural language. Evaluating such tool calling capabilities in realistic enterprise settings is challenging: APIs are often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Benjamin Elder , Anupama Murthi , Jungkoo Kang , Ankita Rajaram Naik , Kiran Kate , Kinjal Basu , Danish Contractor

We present ActuBench, a multi-agent LLM pipeline for the automated generation and evaluation of advanced actuarial assessment items aligned with the International Actuarial Association (IAA) Education Syllabus. The pipeline separates four…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jan-Philipp Schmidt

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in decision-making and reasoning, particularly when integrated with various tools to effectively solve complex problems. However, existing benchmarks for evaluating LLMs'…

Large language models are increasingly applied to operational decision-making where the underlying structure is constrained optimization. Existing benchmarks evaluate whether LLMs can formulate optimization problems as solver code, but…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Joseph Tso , Preston Schmittou , Quan Huynh , Jibran Hutchins

While LLM-Based agents, which use external tools to solve complex problems, have made significant progress, benchmarking their ability is challenging, thereby hindering a clear understanding of their limitations. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Chuyu Zhang , Songyang Zhang , Yingfan Hu , Haowen Shen , Kuikun Liu , Zerun Ma , Fengzhe Zhou , Wenwei Zhang , Xuming He , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

The adeptness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in comprehending and following natural language instructions is critical for their deployment in sophisticated real-world applications. Existing evaluations mainly focus on fragmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Tao Zhang , Chenglin Zhu , Yanjun Shen , Wenjing Luo , Yan Zhang , Hao Liang , Tao Zhang , Fan Yang , Mingan Lin , Yujing Qiao , Weipeng Chen , Bin Cui , Wentao Zhang , Zenan Zhou

Large language models have demonstrated strong capabilities in individual software engineering tasks, yet most autonomous systems still treat issue resolution as a monolithic or pipeline-based process. In contrast, real-world software…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Nikita Benkovich , Vitalii Valkov

Conversational agents are systems with a conversational interface that afford interaction in spoken language. These systems are becoming prevalent and are preferred in various contexts and for many users. Despite their increasing success,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Soodeh Atefi , Mohammad Amin Alipour

Existing benchmarks for Large Language Model (LLM) agents focus on task completion under idealistic settings but overlook reliability in real-world, user-facing applications. In domains, such as in-car voice assistants, users often issue…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Johannes Kirmayr , Lukas Stappen , Elisabeth André

Coding agents are increasingly used as iterative development partners, but most benchmarks still evaluate one specification followed by one final assessment. This leaves out a basic question: can an agent keep its own codebase working as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haiyang Shen , Xuanzhong Chen , Wendong Xu , Yun Ma , Liang Chen , Kuan Li

Large Language Models (LLMs), with their exceptional ability to handle a wide range of tasks, have driven significant advancements in tackling reasoning and planning tasks, wherein decomposing complex problems into executable workflows is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Shuofei Qiao , Runnan Fang , Zhisong Qiu , Xiaobin Wang , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen

Although LLM-based agents have attracted significant attention in domains such as software engineering and machine learning research, their role in advancing combinatorial optimization (CO) remains relatively underexplored. This gap…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Weiwei Sun , Shengyu Feng , Shanda Li , Yiming Yang

Evaluating language models fairly is increasingly difficult as static benchmarks risk contamination by training data, obscuring whether models truly reason or recall. We introduce BeyondBench, an evaluation framework using algorithmic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Gaurav Srivastava , Aafiya Hussain , Zhenyu Bi , Swastik Roy , Priya Pitre , Meng Lu , Morteza Ziyadi , Xuan Wang

Practitioners are increasingly turning to Extract-Load-Transform (ELT) pipelines with the widespread adoption of cloud data warehouses. However, designing these pipelines often involves significant manual work to ensure correctness. Recent…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Tengjun Jin , Yuxuan Zhu , Daniel Kang

Resolving team conflicts requires not only task-specific competence, but also social intelligence to find common ground and build consensus. As AI agents increasingly collaborate on complex work, they must develop coordination capabilities…

By integrating tools from external APIs, Large Language Models (LLMs) have expanded their promising capabilities in a diverse spectrum of complex real-world tasks. However, testing, evaluation, and analysis of LLM tool use remain in their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Yuheng Huang , Jiayang Song , Da Song , Zhenlan Ji , Wenhan Wang , Shuai Wang , Lei Ma

Tool use has turned large language models (LLMs) into powerful agents that can perform complex multi-step tasks by dynamically utilising external software components. However, these tools must be implemented in advance by human developers,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Georg Wölflein , Dyke Ferber , Daniel Truhn , Ognjen Arandjelović , Jakob Nikolas Kather

We introduce SimulBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate large language models (LLMs) across a diverse collection of creative simulation scenarios, such as acting as a Linux terminal or playing text games with users. While these simulation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Qi Jia , Xiang Yue , Tianyu Zheng , Jie Huang , Bill Yuchen Lin

Software testing is a crucial phase in the software life cycle, helping identify potential risks and reduce maintenance costs. With the advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs), researchers have proposed an increasing number of LLM-based…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Quanjun Zhang , Ye Shang , Chunrong Fang , Siqi Gu , Jianyi Zhou , Zhenyu Chen