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The beyond-diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) is a recent architecture in which scattering elements are interconnected to enhance the degrees of freedom for wave control, yielding performance gains over traditional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Gilderlan Tavares de Araújo , André L. F. de Almeida , Buno Sokal , Gabor Fodor

The search for physical-layer technologies that can play a key role in beyond-5G systems has started. One option is reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS), which can collect wireless signals from a transmitter and passively beamform them…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Emil Björnson , Özgecan Özdogan , Erik G. Larsson

Although the fifth-generation (5G) technologies will significantly improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of today's wireless communication networks, their high complexity and hardware cost as well as increasingly more energy…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Qingqing Wu , Rui Zhang

The next generation of wireless systems will take the concept of communications and networking to another level through the seamless integration of terrestrial, aerial, satellite, maritime and underwater communication systems.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Parisa Ramezani , Bin Lyu , Abbas Jamalipour

This letter focuses on a transmitter or base station (BS) side beyond-diagonal reflecting intelligent surface (BD-RIS) deployment strategy to enhance the spectral efficiency (SE) of a time-division-duplex massive multiple-input…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Anup Mishra , Yijie Mao , Carmen D'Andrea , Stefano Buzzi , Bruno Clerckx

Future wireless communication networks are expected to fulfill the unprecedented performance requirements to support our highly digitized and globally data-driven society. Various technological challenges must be overcome to achieve our…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Jinghe Wang , Wankai Tang , Yu Han , Shi Jin , Xiao Li , Chao-Kai Wen , Qiang Cheng , Tie Jun Cui

Stacked intelligent metasurface (SIM) has emerged as a technology enabling wave domain beamforming through multiple stacked reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). SIM has been implemented so far with diagonal RIS (D-RIS), while SIM…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Matteo Nerini , Bruno Clerckx

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) constitute the enabler for programmable propagation of electromagnetic signals, and are lately being considered as a candidate physical-layer technology for the demanding connectivity, reliability,…

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have emerged as a promising technology in wireless communications. Simultaneously transmitting and reflecting RIS (STAR-RISs) in particular have garnered significant attention due to their dual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Chong Huang , Yun Wen , Long Zhang , Gaojie Chen , Zhen Gao , Pei Xiao

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has emerged as a cost-effective and energy-efficient technique for 6G. By adjusting the phase shifts of passive reflecting elements, RIS is capable of suppressing the interference and combining the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Jinglian He , Yijie Mao , Yong Zhou , Ting Wang , Yuanming Shi

Satellite networks promise wide-area 6G coverage but face two persistent barriers: blockage-induced service discontinuities and increasingly stringent spectrum coexistence across satellite layers and with terrestrial systems. Reconfigurable…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-25 Ziyuan Zheng , Xiangyu Li , Shirui Zuo , Yu Wan , Bodong Shang , Wenpeng Jing , Qingqing Wu

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is a revolutionary technology for sixth-generation (6G) networks owing to its ability to manipulate wireless environments. As a frequency-selective device, RIS can only effectively shape the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Sifan Liu , Rang Liu , Ming Li , Yang Liu , Qian Liu

Beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) architectures offer superior beamforming gain over conventional diagonal RISs. However, the channel estimation overhead is the main hurdle for reaping the above gain in practice.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-25 Rui Wang , Junyuan Gao , Shuowen Zhang , Bruno Clerckx , Liang Liu

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) are a promising technique for enhancing the performance of Next Generation (NextG) wireless communication systems in terms of both spectral and energy efficiency, as well as resource utilization.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Maria Tsampazi , Tommaso Melodia

Among various promising candidate technologies for the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications, recent advances in microwave metasurfaces have sparked a new research area of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs). By controllably…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-26 Jieao Zhu , Ze Gu , Qian Ma , Linglong Dai , Tie Jun Cui

Owing to the recent advancements of meta-materials and meta-surfaces, the concept of reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been embraced to meet the spectral- and energy-efficient, and yet cost-effective solutions for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-02 Yulan Gao , Yue Xiao , Xianfu Lei , Qiaonan Zhu , Dusit Niyato , Kai-Kit Wong , Pingzhi Fan , Rose Qingyang Hu

Antenna array technology enables directional transmission and reception of wireless signals, for communications, localization, and sensing purposes. The signal processing algorithms that underpin this technology began to be developed…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-09 Emil Björnson , Henk Wymeersch , Bho Matthiesen , Petar Popovski , Luca Sanguinetti , Elisabeth de Carvalho

Intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) have recently received significant attention for 6G wireless communications as they enable the control of the wireless propagation environment. The use of IRS also provides reducing the hardware…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Ahmet M. Elbir , Kumar Vijay Mishra

Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) have received considerable attention as a key enabler for envisioned 6G networks, for the purpose of improving the network capacity, coverage, efficiency, and security with low energy consumption…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-30 Hao Zhou , Melike Erol-Kantarci , Yuanwei Liu , H. Vincent Poor

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-empowered communication is one of the promising physical layer enabling technologies for the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks due to their unprecedented capabilities in shaping the wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-17 Aymen Khaleel , Recep Vural , Mehmet Cagri Ilter , Majid Gerami , Ertugrul Basar