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The determination of accurate stellar parameters of giant stars is essential for our understanding of such stars in general and as exoplanet host stars in particular. Precise stellar masses are vital for determining the lower mass limit of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-15 Stephan Stock , Sabine Reffert , Andreas Quirrenbach

Bayesian model comparison frameworks can be used when fitting models to data in order to infer the appropriate model complexity in a data-driven manner. We aim to use them to detect the correct number of major episodes of star formation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-01-27 Andrew J. Lawler , Viviana Acquaviva

The radius of a planet is a fundamental parameter that probes its composition and habitability. Precise radius measurements are typically derived from the fraction of starlight blocked when a planet transits its host star. The wide-field…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-12 Te Han , Paul Robertson , Timothy D. Brandt , Shubham Kanodia , Caleb Cañas , Avi Shporer , George Ricker , Corey Beard

Precise radial velocity (RV) measurements are a crucial tool for exoplanet discovery and characterization. Today, the majority of these measurements are derived from Echelle spectra in the optical wavelength region using cross-correlation…

The size frequency distribution of exoplanet radii between 1 and 4$R_{\oplus}$ is bimodal with peaks at $\sim$1.4 $R_{\oplus}$ and $\sim$2.4 $R_{\oplus}$, and a valley at $\sim$1.8$R_{\oplus}$. This radius valley separates two classes of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Andre Izidoro , Hilke E. Schlichting , Andrea Isella , Rajdeep Dasgupta , Christian Zimmermann , Bertram Bitsch

The radius valley -- a deficit of exoplanets between super-Earths and sub-Neptunes -- is a key diagnostic of planet formation and atmospheric evolution. We investigate how the radius valley depends on stellar type by analyzing an updated,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-08 Sukdev Mahapatra

We present a study of asteroseismically derived surface gravities, masses, and radii of a sample of red giant stars both with and without confirmed planetary companions using TESS photometric light curves. These red giants were drawn from…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-04 Myles Pope , Joleen K. Carlberg , Jeff Valenti , Doug Branton

Studies of exoplanet demographics require large samples and precise constraints on exoplanet host stars. Using the homogeneous Kepler stellar properties derived using Gaia Data Release 2 by Berger et al. (2020), we re-compute Kepler planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-19 Travis A. Berger , Daniel Huber , Eric Gaidos , Jennifer L. van Saders , Lauren M. Weiss

Dust plays a pivotal role in determining the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) of galaxies. Yet our understanding of dust attenuation is limited and our observations suffer from the dust-metallicity-age degeneracy in SED fitting…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-22 Gautam Nagaraj , John C. Forbes , Joel Leja , Daniel Foreman-Mackey , Christopher C. Hayward

The observed radii distribution of {\it Kepler} exoplanets reveals two distinct populations: those that are more likely to be terrestrials ($\lesssim1.7R_\oplus$) and those that are more likely to be gas-enveloped ($\gtrsim2R_\oplus$).…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-17 Eve J. Lee , Nicholas J. Connors

The radius valley, a dip in the radius distribution of exoplanets at ~1.9 Earth radii separates compact rocky Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes with lower density. Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the radius valley.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-06 Di-Chang Chen , Ji Wei Xie , Ji-Lin. Zhou , Jia-Yi Yang , Subo Dong , Zi Zhu , Zheng Zheng , Chao Liu , Weikai Zong , Ali Luo

The radius valley (or gap) in the observed distribution of exoplanet radii, which separates smaller super-Earths from larger sub-Neptunes, is a key feature that theoretical models must explain. Conventionally, it is interpreted as the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-01-10 Remo Burn , Christoph Mordasini , Lokesh Mishra , Jonas Haldemann , Julia Venturini , Alexandre Emsenhuber , Thomas Henning

In recent years, analyzing the bimodality in the size distribution of small planets, i.e., the `radius valley', has given us unprecedented insight into the planet formation process. Here we explore the properties of the radius valley for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-14 Akash Gupta , Lorraine Nicholson , Hilke E. Schlichting

We present empirical measurements of the radii of 116 stars that host transiting planets. These radii are determined using only direct observables-the bolometric flux at Earth, the effective temperature, and the parallax provided by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-08 Keivan G. Stassun , Karen A. Collins , B. Scott Gaudi

The forthcoming CSST wide-field multiband imaging survey will produce seven-band photometric spectral energy distributions (SEDs) for billions of galaxies. The effective extraction of astronomical information from these massive datasets of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-09-26 Yunkun Han , Lulu Fan , XianZhong Zheng , Jin-Ming Bai , Zhanwen Han

Mass and radius are two fundamental properties for characterising exoplanets, but only for a relatively small fraction of exoplanets are they both available. Mass is often derived from radial velocity measurements, while the radius is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 S. Ulmer-Moll , N. C. Santos , P. Figueira , J. Brinchmann , J. P. Faria

Mass and radius of planets transiting their host stars are provided by radial velocity and photometric observations. Structural models of solid exoplanet interiors are then constructed by using equations of state for the radial density…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-15 F. Sohl , F. W. Wagner , H. Rauer

The radius valley separating super-Earths from mini-Neptunes is a fundamental benchmark for theories of planet formation and evolution. Observations show that the location of the radius valley decreases with decreasing stellar mass and with…

Previous studies using Kepler data suggest that planets orbiting the same star tend to have similar sizes. However, due to the faintness of the stars, only a few of the planets were also detected with radial velocity follow-ups, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 J. F. Otegi , R. Helled , F. Bouchy

The photoevaporation model is one of the leading explanations for the evolution of small, close-in planets and the origin of the radius-valley. However, without planet mass measurements, it is challenging to test the photoevaporation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 James Owen , Beatriz Campos Estrada