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In many real-world scenarios, it is crucial to be able to reliably and efficiently reason under uncertainty while capturing complex relationships in data. Probabilistic circuits (PCs), a prominent family of tractable probabilistic models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Zhongjie Yu , Martin Trapp , Kristian Kersting

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) represent a probability distribution as a computational graph. Enforcing structural properties on these graphs guarantees that several inference scenarios become tractable. Among these properties, structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Meihua Dang , Antonio Vergari , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a tractable representation of probability distributions allowing for exact and efficient computation of likelihoods and marginals. There has been significant recent progress on improving the scale and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Meihua Dang , Anji Liu , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) have emerged as an efficient framework for representing and learning complex probability distributions. Nevertheless, the existing body of research on PCs predominantly concentrates on data-driven parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Athresh Karanam , Saurabh Mathur , Sahil Sidheekh , Sriraam Natarajan

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a unifying representation for probabilistic models that support tractable inference. Numerous applications of PCs like controllable text generation depend on the ability to efficiently multiply two circuits.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Honghua Zhang , Benjie Wang , Marcelo Arenas , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) have gained prominence in recent years as a versatile framework for discussing probabilistic models that support tractable queries and are yet expressive enough to model complex probability distributions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Pedro Zuidberg Dos Martires

A probabilistic circuit (PC) succinctly expresses a function that represents a multivariate probability distribution and, given sufficient structural properties of the circuit, supports efficient probabilistic inference. Typically a PC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Oliver Broadrick , William Cao , Benjie Wang , Martin Trapp , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are powerful probabilistic models that enable exact and tractable inference, making them highly suitable for probabilistic reasoning and inference tasks. While dominant in neural networks, representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Steven Braun , Sahil Sidheekh , Antonio Vergari , Martin Mundt , Sriraam Natarajan , Kristian Kersting

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are a promising avenue for probabilistic modeling. They combine advantages of probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) with those of neural networks (NNs). Crucially, however, they are tractable probabilistic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-07 Anji Liu , Guy Van den Broeck

Artificial Intelligence for scientific applications increasingly requires training large models on data that cannot be centralized due to privacy constraints, data sovereignty, or the sheer volume of data generated. Federated learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Yijiang Li , Zilinghan Li , Kyle Chard , Ian Foster , Todd Munson , Ravi Madduri , Kibaek Kim

Probabilistic circuits (PCs) are a powerful modeling framework for representing tractable probability distributions over combinatorial spaces. In machine learning and probabilistic programming, one is often interested in understanding…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Yash Pote , Kuldeep S. Meel

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are prominent tractable probabilistic models, allowing for a range of exact inferences. This paper focuses on the main algorithm for training PCs, LearnSPN, a gold standard due to its efficiency, performance,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Soroush Ghandi , Benjamin Quost , Cassio de Campos

This work addresses integrating probabilistic propositional logic constraints into the distribution encoded by a probabilistic circuit (PC). PCs are a class of tractable models that allow efficient computations (such as conditional and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Soroush Ghandi , Benjamin Quost , Cassio de Campos

As the demand grows for scalable and privacy-aware AI systems, Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution, allowing decentralized model training without moving raw data. At the same time, the combination of high-performance…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Sangam Ghimire , Paribartan Timalsina , Nirjal Bhurtel , Bishal Neupane , Bigyan Byanju Shrestha , Subarna Bhattarai , Prajwal Gaire , Jessica Thapa , Sudan Jha

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are a unified framework for tractable probabilistic models that support efficient computation of various probabilistic queries (e.g., marginal probabilities). One key challenge is to scale PCs to model large and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Anji Liu , Honghua Zhang , Guy Van den Broeck

In response to the increasing volume and sensitivity of data, traditional centralized computing models face challenges, such as data security breaches and regulatory hurdles. Federated Computing (FC) addresses these concerns by enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 René Schwermer , Ruben Mayer , Hans-Arno Jacobsen

Probabilistic Circuits (PCs) are a general framework for tractable deep generative models, which support exact and efficient probabilistic inference on their learned distributions. Recent modeling and training advancements have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Anji Liu , Kareem Ahmed , Guy Van den Broeck

Scaling probabilistic models to large realistic problems and datasets is a key challenge in machine learning. Central to this effort is the development of tractable probabilistic models (TPMs): models whose structure guarantees efficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Honghua Zhang , Steven Holtzen , Guy Van den Broeck

Generating functions, which are widely used in combinatorics and probability theory, encode function values into the coefficients of a polynomial. In this paper, we explore their use as a tractable probabilistic model, and propose…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Honghua Zhang , Brendan Juba , Guy Van den Broeck

Probabilistic integral circuits (PICs) have been recently introduced as probabilistic models enjoying the key ingredient behind expressive generative models: continuous latent variables (LVs). PICs are symbolic computational graphs defining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Gennaro Gala , Cassio de Campos , Antonio Vergari , Erik Quaeghebeur
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