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This article presents a systematic method for designing time-varying Control Barrier Functions (CBF) composed of a time-invariant component and multiple time-dependent components, leveraging structural properties of the system dynamics. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-10 Adrian Wiltz , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

The safety-critical nature of adaptive cruise control (ACC) systems calls for systematic design procedures, e.g., based on formal methods or control barrier functions (CBFs), to provide strong guarantees of safety and performance under all…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-29 Muhammad Waqas , Muhammad Ali Murtaza , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Petros Ioannou

Safely navigating around obstacles while respecting the dynamics, control, and geometry of the underlying system is a key challenge in robotics. Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) generate safe control policies by considering system dynamics…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Yi-Hsuan Chen , Shuo Liu , Wei Xiao , Calin Belta , Michael Otte

Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide an effective framework for enforcing safety in dynamical systems with scalar constraints. However, many safety constraints are more naturally expressed as matrix-valued conditions, such as positive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-07 Samuel G. Gessow , Pio Ong , Aaron D. Ames , Brett T. Lopez

Safety is one of the fundamental problems in robotics. Recently, a quadratic program-based control barrier function (CBF) method has emerged as a way to enforce safety-critical constraints. Together with control Lyapunov function (CLF), it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Jun Zeng , Bike Zhang , Zhongyu Li , Koushil Sreenath

Control barrier functions (CBFs) recently introduced a systematic way to guarantee the system's safety through set invariance. Together with a nominal control method, it establishes a safety-critical control mechanism. The resulting safety…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-13 Mohammad Aali , Jun Liu

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) for robotic systems requires policies that improve task performance while satisfying state and input constraints during both training and deployment. Control barrier functions (CBFs) provide a principled…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Dhruv S. Kushwaha , Zoleikha A. Biron

We present LQR-CBF-RRT*, an incremental sampling-based algorithm for offline motion planning. Our framework leverages the strength of Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) and Linear Quadratic Regulators (LQR) to generate safety-critical and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Guang Yang , Mingyu Cai , Ahmad Ahmad , Amanda Prorok , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

Ensuring safe exploration in high-dimensional systems with unknown dynamics remains a significant challenge. Existing safe reinforcement learning methods often provide safety guarantees only in expectation, which can still lead to safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Rahul Narava , Siddharth Verma , Ojas Jain , Shashi Shekhar Jha , Mayank Shekhar Jha

This paper works towards unifying two popular approaches in the safety control community: Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) reachability and Control Barrier Functions (CBFs). HJ Reachability has methods for direct construction of value functions that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-26 Jason J. Choi , Donggun Lee , Koushil Sreenath , Claire J. Tomlin , Sylvia L. Herbert

This paper presents a systematic method for synthesizing a Control Barrier Function (CBF) that encodes predictive information into a CBF. Unlike other methods, the synthesized CBF can account for changes and time-variations in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-23 Adrian Wiltz , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

This paper develops rollover prevention guarantees for mobile robots using control barrier function (CBF) theory, and demonstrates the method experimentally. We consider a safety measure based on a zero moment point condition through the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-18 Ersin Das , Aaron D. Ames , Joel W. Burdick

The control barrier function (CBF) has become a fundamental tool in safety-critical systems design since its invention. Typically, the quadratic optimization framework is employed to accommodate CBFs, control Lyapunov functions (CLFs),…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-17 Junjun Xie , Liang Hu , Jiahu Qin , Jun Yang , Huijun Gao

This paper addresses the challenge of safe navigation for rigid-body mobile robots in dynamic environments. We introduce an analytic approach to compute the distance between a polygon and an ellipse, and employ it to construct a control…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Kehan Long , Khoa Tran , Melvin Leok , Nikolay Atanasov

In collaborative human-robot environments, the unpredictable and dynamic nature of human motion can lead to situations where collisions become unavoidable. In such cases, it is essential for the robotic system to proactively mitigate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Patanjali Maithani , Aliasghar Arab , Farshad Khorrami , Prashanth Krishnamurthy

In this paper we present the implementation of a Control Barrier Function (CBF) using a quadratic program (QP) formulation that provides obstacle avoidance for a robotic manipulator arm system. CBF is a control technique that has emerged…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Stephen McIlvanna , Nhat Nguyen Minh , Yuzhu Sun , Mien Van , Wasif Naeem

This work presents a theoretical framework for the safety-critical control of time delay systems. The theory of control barrier functions, that provides formal safety guarantees for delay-free systems, is extended to systems with state…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-20 Adam K. Kiss , Tamas G. Molnar , Aaron D. Ames , Gabor Orosz

Control Barrier Functions (CBFs) allow for efficient synthesis of controllers to maintain desired invariant properties of safety-critical systems. However, the problem of identifying a CBF remains an open question. As such, this paper…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-11 Prithvi Akella , Apurva Badithela , Richard M. Murray , Aaron D. Ames

In this paper, we show that under mild controllability assumptions a time-invariant Control Barrier Function (CBF) can be constructed based on predictions with a finite horizon. As a starting point, we require only a known subset of a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Adrian Wiltz , Xiao Tan , Dimos V. Dimarogonas

This paper presents a general end-to-end framework for constructing robust and reliable layered safety filters that can be leveraged to perform dynamic collision avoidance over a broad range of applications using only local perception data.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Erina Yamaguchi , Ryan M. Bena , Gilbert Bahati , Aaron D. Ames