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Aligned LLMs are secure, capable of recognizing and refusing to answer malicious questions. However, the role of internal parameters in maintaining such security is not well understood yet, further these models can be vulnerable to security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Shen Li , Liuyi Yao , Lan Zhang , Yaliang Li

The self-attention revolution allowed generative language models to scale and achieve increasingly impressive abilities. Such models - commonly referred to as Large Language Models (LLMs) - have recently gained prominence with the general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Da Silva Gameiro Henrique , Andrei Kucharavy , Rachid Guerraoui

Detecting anomalies in general ledger data is of utmost importance to ensure trustworthiness of financial records. Financial audits increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) algorithms to identify irregular or potentially fraudulent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Alexander Bakumenko , Kateřina Hlaváčková-Schindler , Claudia Plant , Nina C. Hubig

Identifying anomalous human spatial trajectory patterns can indicate dynamic changes in mobility behavior with applications in domains like infectious disease monitoring and elderly care. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zheng Zhang , Hossein Amiri , Zhenke Liu , Andreas Züfle , Liang Zhao

Instruction tuning has become an important step for finetuning pretrained language models to better follow human instructions and generalize on various tasks. Nowadays, pretrained language models become increasingly larger, and full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Pengfei He

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as the de facto standard for parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of foundation models, enabling the adaptation of billion-parameter networks with minimal computational and memory overhead. Despite…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bingcong Li , Yilang Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis

Large language models (LLMs) have shown their potential in long-context understanding and mathematical reasoning. In this paper, we study the problem of using LLMs to detect tabular anomalies and show that pre-trained LLMs are zero-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Aodong Li , Yunhan Zhao , Chen Qiu , Marius Kloft , Padhraic Smyth , Maja Rudolph , Stephan Mandt

The latest developments in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have demonstrated remarkable progress in a code-text retrieval problem. As the Transformer-based models used in this task continue to increase in size, the computational costs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Karim Galliamov , Leila Khaertdinova , Karina Denisova

This systematic literature review comprehensively examines the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in forecasting and anomaly detection, highlighting the current state of research, inherent challenges, and prospective future…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Jing Su , Chufeng Jiang , Xin Jin , Yuxin Qiao , Tingsong Xiao , Hongda Ma , Rong Wei , Zhi Jing , Jiajun Xu , Junhong Lin

This paper presents a systematic overview of parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods, covering over 50 papers published between early 2019 and mid-2024. These methods aim to address the challenges of fine-tuning large language models by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Vladislav Lialin , Vijeta Deshpande , Xiaowei Yao , Anna Rumshisky

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) with limited data poses a practical challenge in low-resource languages, specialized domains, and constrained deployment settings. While pre-trained LLMs provide strong foundations, effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Marton Szep , Daniel Rueckert , Rüdiger von Eisenhart-Rothe , Florian Hinterwimmer

Logs play a critical role in providing essential information for system monitoring and troubleshooting. Recently, with the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lipeng Ma , Weidong Yang , Sihang Jiang , Ben Fei , Mingjie Zhou , Shuhao Li , Mingyu Zhao , Bo Xu , Yanghua Xiao

The robust and accurate recognition of multicultural names, particularly those not previously encountered, is a critical challenge in an increasingly globalized digital landscape. Traditional methods often falter when confronted with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Thanakorn Phonchai , Surasakdi Siripong , Nicholas Patterson , Owen Campbell

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in different tasks and are bringing transformative changes to many domains. However, keeping the knowledge in LLMs up-to-date remains a challenge once pretraining is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xiou Ge , Ali Mousavi , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin , Kun Qian , Benjamin Han , Mostafa Arefiyan , Yunyao Li

Large Audio Language Models (LALMs) have expanded the interaction with human to speech modality, which introduces great interactive potential, due to the paralinguistic cues implicitly indicating the user context. However, building on the…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hao Yang , Minghan Wang , Tongtong Wu , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

Though Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated the powerful capabilities of few-shot learning through prompting methods, supervised training is still necessary for complex reasoning tasks. Because of their extensive parameters and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Linhai Zhang , Jialong Wu , Deyu Zhou , Guoqiang Xu

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) has become the standard for customising Foundation Models (FMs) to user-specific downstream tasks. However, typical PEFT methods require storing multiple task-specific adapters, creating scalability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Abhinav Jain , Swarat Chaudhuri , Thomas Reps , Chris Jermaine

Adapting pre-trained foundation models for diverse downstream tasks is a core practice in artificial intelligence. However, the wide range of tasks and high computational costs make full fine-tuning impractical. To overcome this,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Chongjie Si , Zhiyi Shi , Xuehui Wang , Yichen Xiao , Xiaokang Yang , Wei Shen

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) pose a major cybersecurity challenge due to their stealth and ability to mimic normal system behavior, making detection particularly difficult in highly imbalanced datasets. Traditional anomaly detection…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sidahmed Benabderrahmane , Petko Valtchev , James Cheney , Talal Rahwan

Personalization in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important, aiming to align the LLMs' interactions, content, and recommendations with individual user preferences. Recent advances have highlighted effective prompt design by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhaoxuan Tan , Qingkai Zeng , Yijun Tian , Zheyuan Liu , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang