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Quantization significantly accelerates inference in large language models (LLMs) by replacing original high-precision matrices with low-precision counterparts. Recent advances in weight-activation quantization have primarily focused on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Wenyuan Liu , Haoqian Meng , Yilun Luo , Yafei Zhao , Peng Zhang , Xindian Ma

We introduce a novel run-time method for significantly reducing the accuracy loss associated with quantizing BERT-like models to 8-bit integers. Existing methods for quantizing models either modify the training procedure,or they require an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-18 Yousef El-Kurdi , Jerry Quinn , Avirup Sil

The field of Quantum Machine Learning (QML) has emerged recently in the hopes of finding new machine learning protocols or exponential speedups for classical ones. Apart from problems with vanishing gradients and efficient encoding methods,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Hannah Helgesen , Michael Felsberg , Jan-Åke Larsson

Modern AI hardware, such as Nvidia's Blackwell architecture, is increasingly embracing low-precision floating-point (FP) formats to handle the pervasive activation outliers in Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite this industry trend, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Mengzhao Chen , Meng Wu , Hui Jin , Zhihang Yuan , Jing Liu , Chaoyi Zhang , Yunshui Li , Jie Huang , Jin Ma , Zeyue Xue , Zhiheng Liu , Xingyan Bin , Ping Luo

Quantization of the weights and activations is one of the main methods to reduce the computational footprint of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) training. Current methods enable 4-bit quantization of the forward phase. However, this constitutes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Brian Chmiel , Ron Banner , Elad Hoffer , Hilla Ben Yaacov , Daniel Soudry

Mixed-precision quantization improves the budget--accuracy trade-off for large language models (LLMs) by allocating more bits to sensitive modules. However, automating this allocation at LLM scale faces a unique combination of constraints:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhangyang Yao , Haiyan Zhao , Haoyu Wang , Tianbo Huang , Lihua Zhang , Xu Han

Transformers have achieved remarkable success in sequence modeling and beyond but suffer from quadratic computational and memory complexities with respect to the length of the input sequence. Leveraging techniques include sparse and linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Robert M. Kirby , Stanley J. Osher , Bao Wang

Transformer-based models, such as BERT and ViT, have achieved state-of-the-art results across different natural language processing (NLP) and computer vision (CV) tasks. However, these models are extremely memory intensive during their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Arash Ardakani , Altan Haan , Shangyin Tan , Doru Thom Popovici , Alvin Cheung , Costin Iancu , Koushik Sen

We describe the multi-GPU gradient boosting algorithm implemented in the XGBoost library (https://github.com/dmlc/xgboost). Our algorithm allows fast, scalable training on multi-GPU systems with all of the features of the XGBoost library.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-02 Rory Mitchell , Andrey Adinets , Thejaswi Rao , Eibe Frank

This study examines 4-bit quantization methods like GPTQ in large language models (LLMs), highlighting GPTQ's overfitting and limited enhancement in Zero-Shot tasks. While prior works merely focusing on zero-shot measurement, we extend task…

Quantization-aware training (QAT) is a common paradigm for network quantization, in which the training phase incorporates the simulation of the low-precision computation to optimize the quantization parameters in alignment with the task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Chengting Yu , Shu Yang , Fengzhao Zhang , Hanzhi Ma , Aili Wang , Er-Ping Li

Post-training quantization (PTQ) of large language models (LLMs) holds the promise in reducing the prohibitive computational cost at inference time. Quantization of all weight, activation and key-value (KV) cache tensors to 4-bit without…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Utkarsh Saxena , Sayeh Sharify , Kaushik Roy , Xin Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have attracted significant attention due to their human-like language understanding and generation capabilities, as well as their applicability across various domains. These models, characterized by their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Kazuki Fujii , Taishi Nakamura , Rio Yokota

Large language models (LLMs) require immense resources for training and inference. Quantization, a technique that reduces the precision of model parameters, offers a promising solution for improving LLM efficiency and sustainability. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jacob Nielsen , Peter Schneider-Kamp , Lukas Galke

Large Language Models (LLMs) fine-tuning technologies have achieved remarkable results. However, traditional LLM fine-tuning approaches face significant challenges: they require large Floating Point (FP) computation, raising privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sifan Zhou , Shuo Wang , Zhihang Yuan , Mingjia Shi , Yuzhang Shang , Dawei Yang

We present unit scaling, a paradigm for designing deep learning models that simplifies the use of low-precision number formats. Training in FP16 or the recently proposed FP8 formats offers substantial efficiency gains, but can lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Charlie Blake , Douglas Orr , Carlo Luschi

Training Large Language Models (LLMs) is memory-intensive due to the large number of parameters and associated optimization states. GaLore, a recent method, reduces memory usage by projecting weight gradients into a low-rank subspace…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Zhenyu Zhang , Ajay Jaiswal , Lu Yin , Shiwei Liu , Jiawei Zhao , Yuandong Tian , Zhangyang Wang

Transformer models have been widely adopted in various domains over the last years, and especially large language models have advanced the field of AI significantly. Due to their size, the capability of these networks has increased…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-10 Yelysei Bondarenko , Markus Nagel , Tijmen Blankevoort

This paper presents a novel neural network training approach for faster convergence and better generalization abilities in deep reinforcement learning. Particularly, we focus on the enhancement of training and evaluation performance in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Mohammed Sharafath Abdul Hameed , Gavneet Singh Chadha , Andreas Schwung , Steven X. Ding

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has emerged as a highly successful approach, with training only a small number of parameters without sacrificing performance and becoming the de-facto learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baohao Liao , Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz