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As an integral part of source code files, code comments help improve program readability and comprehension. However, developers sometimes do not comment on their program code adequately due to the incurred extra efforts, lack of relevant…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Xiaotao Song , Hailong Sun , Xu Wang , Jiafei Yan

Code language models excel on code intelligence tasks, yet their internal interpretability is underexplored. Existing neuron interpretability techniques from NLP are suboptimal for source code due to programming languages formal,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Zhe Yin , Xiaodong Gu , Beijun Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have shown significant advancements in code generation, but still face challenges on tasks beyond their basic capabilities. Recently, the notion of self-debugging has been proposed to boost the performance of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Xiancai Chen , Zhengwei Tao , Kechi Zhang , Changzhi Zhou , Wanli Gu , Yuanpeng He , Mengdi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Haiyan Zhao , Zhi Jin

Recent studies suggest that very small language models (SLMs) can generate surprisingly coherent text when trained on simplified, child-directed corpora such as TinyStories. These findings have been interpreted as evidence that readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Ivan Lee , Taylor Berg-Kirkpatrick

Large Language models (LLMs) can generate complicated source code from natural language prompts. However, LLMs can generate output that deviates from what the user wants, requiring supervision and editing. To support this process, we offer…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 David Gros , Prem Devanbu

With the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their ubiquitous deployment in diverse domains, measuring language model behavior on realistic data is imperative. For example, a company deploying a client-facing chatbot must ensure that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Neel Jain , Khalid Saifullah , Yuxin Wen , John Kirchenbauer , Manli Shu , Aniruddha Saha , Micah Goldblum , Jonas Geiping , Tom Goldstein

Reading and understanding code are fundamental skills for novice programmers, and especially important with the growing prevalence of AI-generated code and the need to evaluate its accuracy and reliability. ``Explain in Plain English''…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-18 David H. Smith , Max Fowler , Paul Denny , Craig Zilles

Code review is considered a key process in the software industry for minimizing bugs and improving code quality. Inspection of review process effectiveness and continuous improvement can boost development productivity. Such inspection is a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Saifullah Mahbub , Md. Easin Arafat , Chowdhury Rafeed Rahman , Zannatul Ferdows , Masum Hasan

In modern software development, developers frequently need to understand code behavior at a glance -- whether reviewing pull requests, debugging issues, or navigating unfamiliar codebases. This ability to reason about dynamic program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yunkun Wang , Xuanhe Zhang , Junxiao Han , Chen Zhi , Shuiguang Deng

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for high-stakes decision-making, yet existing approaches struggle to reconcile scalability, interpretability, and reproducibility. Black-box models obscure their reasoning, while recent…

Context. Code understandability is fundamental. Developers need to understand the code they are modifying clearly. A low understandability can increase the amount of coding effort, and misinterpreting code impacts the entire development…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Matteo Esposito , Andrea Janes , Terhi Kilamo , Valentina Lenarduzzi

Large language model (LLM) coding agents can generate working code, but their solutions often accumulate complexity, duplication, and architectural debt. Human developers address such issues through refactoring: behavior-preserving program…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Alex Thillen , Niels Mündler , Veselin Raychev , Martin Vechev

Code generation is one of the tasks for which the use of Large Language Models is widely adopted and highly successful. Given this popularity, there are many benchmarks dedicated to code generation that can help select the best model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joanna Szych , Anne Schwerk

Code review is a crucial process before deploying code to production, as it validates the code, provides suggestions for improvements, and identifies errors such as missed edge cases. In projects with regular production releases, the effort…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jahnavi Kumar , Sridhar Chimalakonda

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential for assisting developers in their daily development. However, most research focuses on generating correct code, how to use LLMs to generate personalized code has seldom been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Zhenlong Dai , Chang Yao , WenKang Han , Ying Yuan , Zhipeng Gao , Jingyuan Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon to evaluate text outputs of other LLMs, thereby influencing leaderboards and development decisions. However, concerns persist over the accuracy of these assessments and the potential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Sumanth Doddapaneni , Mohammed Safi Ur Rahman Khan , Sshubam Verma , Mitesh M. Khapra

Large Language Models (LLMs) are one of the most promising developments in the field of artificial intelligence, and the software engineering community has readily noticed their potential role in the software development life-cycle.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Greta Dolcetti , Vincenzo Arceri , Eleonora Iotti , Sergio Maffeis , Agostino Cortesi , Enea Zaffanella

Software engineers spend a significant amount of time reading code during the software development process, especially in the age of large language models (LLMs) that can automatically generate code. However, little is known about the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Wannita Takerngsaksiri , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Micheal Fu , Jirat Pasuksmit , Kun Chen , Ming Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have brought a paradigm shift to the field of code generation, offering the potential to enhance the software development process. However, previous research mainly focuses on the accuracy of code generation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yanlin Wang , Tianyue Jiang , Mingwei Liu , Jiachi Chen , Mingzhi Mao , Xilin Liu , Yuchi Ma , Zibin Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks, yet code generation remains a major challenge. Current approaches for obtaining high-quality code data primarily focus on (i) collecting large-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yichuan Ma , Yunfan Shao , Peiji Li , Demin Song , Qipeng Guo , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu , Kai Chen