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Binary search trees (BSTs) are fundamental data structures whose performance is largely governed by tree height. We introduce a block model for constructing BSTs by embedding internal BSTs into the nodes of an external BST -- a structure…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-17 John Peca-Medlin , Chenyang Zhong

We consider so-called discrete snakes obtained from size-conditioned critical Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees by assigning to each node a random spatial position in such a way that the increments along each edge are i.i.d. When the offspring…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-03-26 Cyril Marzouk

Coalescence processes have received a lot of attention in the context of conditional branching processes with fixed population size and non-overlapping generations. Here we focus on similar problems in the context of the standard…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-25 Nicolas Grosjean , Thierry Huillet

We study the structure of extreme level sets of a standard one dimensional branching Brownian motion, namely the sets of particles whose height is within a fixed distance from the order of the global maximum. It is well known that such…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-22 Aser Cortines , Lisa Hartung , Oren Louidor

We consider here multitype Bienaym\'e--Galton--Watson trees, under the conditioning that the numbers of vertices of given type satisfy some linear relations. We prove that, under some smoothness conditions on the offspring distribution…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-10-20 Paul Thévenin

We study a natural analogue of Ulam's problem for random rooted trees distributed according to a Plancherel-type measure. This probability measure is closely related to the classical Plancherel measure on integer partitions. For a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Shengjun Zhang

We study $\lambda$-biased branching random walks on Bienaym\'e--Galton--Watson trees in discrete time. We consider the maximal displacement at time $n$, $\max_{\vert u \vert =n} \vert X(u) \vert$, and show that it almost surely grows at a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Julien Berestycki , Nina Gantert , David Geldbach , Quan Shi

We derive an upper bound for the annealed return probability for the simple random walk on supercritical Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees. The bound decays subexponentially in time $t$ with $t^{1/3}$ in the exponent. It is valid for all…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Markus Heydenreich , Peter Müller , Sara Terveer

We study the local limit in distribution of Bienaym{\'e}-Galton-Watson trees conditioned on having large sub-populations. Assuming a generic and aperiodic condition on the offspring distribution, we prove the existence of a limit given by a…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-30 Romain Abraham , Hongwei Bi , Jean-François Delmas

We introduce a new, relatively simple, line-breaking construction of the $\alpha$-stable tree which realises its random finite-dimensional distributions. This is a direct analogue of Aldous' line-breaking construction of the Brownian…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-02-11 Christina Goldschmidt , Liam Hill

This paper extends the study of fringe trees in random plane trees with a given degree statistic. While previous work established the asymptotic normality of the count of fringe trees isomorphic to a fixed tree, we investigate the case…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Gabriel Berzunza Ojeda , Cecilia Holmgren , Svante Janson

We consider a regular $n$-ary tree of height $h$, for which every vertex except the root is labelled with an independent and identically distributed continuous random variable. Taking motivation from a question in evolutionary biology, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-11-14 Matthew I. Roberts , Lee Zhuo Zhao

In the critical beta-splitting model of a random $n$-leaf rooted tree, clades are recursively split into sub-clades, and a clade of $m$ leaves is split into sub-clades containing $i$ and $m-i$ leaves with probabilities $\propto 1/(i(m-i))$.…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-18 David Aldous , Svante Janson

We establish sufficient mild conditions for a sequence of multitype Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson trees, conditioned in some sense to be large, to converge to a limiting compact metric space which we call a \emph{multitype L\'{e}vy tree}. More…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Osvaldo Angtuncio Hernández , David Clancy

We are interested in the structure of multitype Bienaym\'e-Galton-Watson (BGW) trees conditioned on integer linear combinations of the numbers of vertices of given types. We show that, under regularity assumptions on the offspring…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-17 Rémy Poudevigne , Paul Thévenin

We study the behaviour of the rescaled minimal subtree containing the origin and K random vertices selected from a random critical (sufficiently spread-out, and in dimensions d > 8) lattice tree conditioned to survive until time ns, in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-03-30 Manuel Cabezas , Alexander Fribergh , Mark Holmes , Edwin Perkins

We study the diameter of L{\'e}vy trees that are random compact metric spaces obtained as the scaling limits of Galton-Watson trees. L{\'e}vy trees have been introduced by Le Gall and Le Jan (1998) and they generalise Aldous' Continuum…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-18 Thomas Duquesne , Minmin Wang

We obtain assumption-free, non-asymptotic, uniform bounds on the product of the height and the width of uniformly random trees with a given degree sequence, conditioned Bienaym\'e trees and simply generated trees. We show that for a tree of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-01-03 Serte Donderwinkel , Robin Khanfir

We introduce a model of a preferential attachment based random graph which extends the family of models in which condensation phenomena can occur. Each vertex has an associated uniform random variable which we call its location. Our model…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-12 John Haslegrave , Jonathan Jordan , Mark Yarrow

At high temperature, the overlap of two particles chosen independently according to the Gibbs measure of the branching Brownian motion converges to zero as time goes to infinity. We investigate the precise decay rate of the probability to…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Louis Chataignier , Michel Pain