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A Flow is a collection of component models ("Agents") which constructs the solution to a complex problem via iterative communication. Flows have emerged as state of the art architectures for code generation, and are the raison d'etre for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Paul Mineiro

Large language models (LLMs) have recently been adopted for recommendation by framing user preference modeling as a language generation problem. However, existing latent reasoning approaches typically represent user intent with a single…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tianqi Gao , Chengkai Huang , Zihan Wang , Cao Liu , Ke Zeng , Lina Yao

Multi-task reinforcement learning and meta-reinforcement learning have been developed to quickly adapt to new tasks, but they tend to focus on tasks with higher rewards and more frequent occurrences, leading to poor performance on tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Xinyuan Ji , Xu Zhang , Wei Xi , Haozhi Wang , Olga Gadyatskaya , Yinchuan Li

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) learn to sample diverse candidates in proportion to a reward function, making them well-suited for scientific discovery, where exploring multiple promising solutions is crucial. Further extending…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Seokwon Yoon , Youngbin Choi , Seunghyuk Cho , Seungbeom Lee , MoonJeong Park , Dongwoo Kim

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) offer a powerful framework for sampling graphs in proportion to their rewards. However, existing approaches suffer from systematic biases due to inaccuracies in state transition probability computations.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-17 Hohyun Kim , Seunggeun Lee , Min-hwan Oh

The recently proposed generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a method of training a policy to sample compositional discrete objects with probabilities proportional to a given reward via a sequence of actions. GFlowNets exploit the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Daniil Tiapkin , Nikita Morozov , Alexey Naumov , Dmitry Vetrov

Diffusion models recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for recommender systems, offering state-of-the-art performance by modeling the generative process of user-item interactions. However, training such models from scratch is both…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Hou , Hua Li , Ha Young Kim , Won-Yong Shin

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common method to enhance the tool calling capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), with the training data often being synthesized. The current data synthesis process generally involves sampling a set…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zezhong Wang , Xingshan Zeng , Weiwen Liu , Liangyou Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) have emerged as an innovative learning paradigm designed to address the challenge of sampling from an unnormalized probability distribution, called the reward function. This framework learns a policy on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Anas Krichel , Nikolay Malkin , Salem Lahlou , Yoshua Bengio

While one commonly trains large diffusion models by collecting datasets on target downstream tasks, it is often desired to align and finetune pretrained diffusion models with some reward functions that are either designed by experts or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhen Liu , Tim Z. Xiao , Weiyang Liu , Yoshua Bengio , Dinghuai Zhang

Generative flow networks (GFlowNets) are a family of algorithms that learn a generative policy to sample discrete objects $x$ with non-negative reward $R(x)$. Learning objectives guarantee the GFlowNet samples $x$ from the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-15 Max W. Shen , Emmanuel Bengio , Ehsan Hajiramezanali , Andreas Loukas , Kyunghyun Cho , Tommaso Biancalani

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results across diverse domains, yet their development remains reliant on vast amounts of publicly available data, raising concerns about data scarcity and the lack of access to…

Although LLMs have demonstrated improved performance by scaling parallel test-time compute, doing so relies on generating reasoning paths that are both diverse and accurate. For challenging problems, the forking tokens that trigger diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Sheng Jia , Xiao Wang , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Recent years have seen a rapid surge in research leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for recommendation. These methods typically employ supervised fine-tuning (SFT) to adapt LLMs to recommendation scenarios, and utilize beam search…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Weiqin Yang , Bohao Wang , Zhenxiang Xu , Jiawei Chen , Shengjia Zhang , Jingbang Chen , Canghong Jin , Can Wang

Large language models (LLMs) primarily rely on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a key method to adapt pre-trained models to domain-specific tasks such as mathematical reasoning. However, standard SFT uniformly penalizes all tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zhiwen Ruan , Yixia Li , He Zhu , Yun Chen , Peng Li , Yang Liu , Guanhua Chen

Personalized recommender systems fulfill the daily demands of customers and boost online businesses. The goal is to learn a policy that can generate a list of items that matches the user's demand or interest. While most existing methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Zhankui He , Bowen Sun , Julian McAuley , Dong Zheng , Peng Jiang , Kun Gai

The fashion industry is one of the leading domains in the global e-commerce sector, prompting major online retailers to employ recommendation systems for product suggestions and customer convenience. While recommendation systems have been…

Preference learning provides a promising solution to address the limitations of supervised fine-tuning (SFT) for code language models, where the model is not explicitly trained to differentiate between correct and incorrect code. Recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Dylan Zhang , Shizhe Diao , Xueyan Zou , Hao Peng

Large language models provide rich semantic priors and strong reasoning capabilities, making them promising auxiliary signals for recommendation. However, prevailing approaches either deploy LLMs as standalone recommender or apply global…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Shanglin Yang , Zhan Shi

Unsupervised Reinforcement Learning from Internal Feedback (RLIF) has emerged as a promising paradigm for eliciting the latent capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without external supervision. However, current methods rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Ruishuo Chen , Yu Chen , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang