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With the rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI), Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly impacted a wide array of domains, including healthcare, engineering, science, education, and mathematical reasoning. Among these,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Afrar Jahin , Arif Hassan Zidan , Wei Zhang , Yu Bao , Tianming Liu

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown strong reasoning abilities in domains like mathematics, coding, and scientific problem-solving, yet their potential for ranking tasks, where prime examples include retrieval, recommender…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Tao Feng , Zhigang Hua , Zijie Lei , Yan Xie , Shuang Yang , Bo Long , Jiaxuan You

Recent advancements in Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as OpenAI's o1/o3 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated remarkable performance in specialized reasoning tasks through human-like deliberative thinking and long chain-of-thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Weixiang Zhao , Xingyu Sui , Jiahe Guo , Yulin Hu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Xuda Zhi , Yongbo Huang , Hao He , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu , Bing Qin

Recent advances in reinforcement learning with verifiable, rule-based rewards have greatly enhanced the reasoning capabilities and out-of-distribution generalization of VLMs/LLMs, obviating the need for manually crafted reasoning chains.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shaohao Rui , Kaitao Chen , Weijie Ma , Xiaosong Wang

Recent works on large language models (LLMs) have successfully demonstrated the emergence of reasoning capabilities via reinforcement learning (RL). Although recent efforts leverage group relative policy optimization (GRPO) for MLLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Shilin Xu , Yanwei Li , Rui Yang , Tao Zhang , Yueyi Sun , Wei Chow , Linfeng Li , Hang Song , Qi Xu , Yunhai Tong , Xiangtai Li , Hao Fei

While current Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated proficiency in reasoning tasks such as mathematics and logic, their capacity for long-chain reflective reasoning, a prerequisite for solving complex real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xiangyu Zhao , Junming Lin , Tianhao Liang , Yifan Zhou , Wenhao Chai , Yuzhe Gu , Weiyun Wang , Kai Chen , Gen Luo , Wenwei Zhang , Junchi Yan , Hua Yang , Haodong Duan , Xue Yang

IQ testing has served as a foundational methodology for evaluating human cognitive capabilities, deliberately decoupling assessment from linguistic background, language proficiency, or domain-specific knowledge to isolate core competencies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Huanqia Cai , Yijun Yang , Winston Hu

Multimodal reasoning is a critical component in the pursuit of artificial intelligence systems that exhibit human-like intelligence, especially when tackling complex tasks. While the chain-of-thought (CoT) technique has gained considerable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Jingxuan Wei , Cheng Tan , Zhangyang Gao , Linzhuang Sun , Siyuan Li , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo , Stan Z. Li

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in vision-language answering tasks. Despite their strengths, these models often encounter challenges in achieving complex reasoning tasks such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jinhao Chen , Zhen Yang , Jianxin Shi , Tianyu Wo , Jie Tang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated substantial progress in reasoning capabilities, such as DeepSeek-R1, which leverages rule-based reinforcement learning to enhance logical reasoning significantly.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Zeyu Liu , Yuhang Liu , Guanghao Zhu , Congkai Xie , Zhen Li , Jianbo Yuan , Xinyao Wang , Qing Li , Shing-Chi Cheung , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu , Hongxia Yang

Large language models have recently evolved from fluent text generation to advanced reasoning across diverse domains, giving rise to reasoning language models. Among these domains, mathematical reasoning serves as a representative benchmark…

We present MiMo-7B, a large language model born for reasoning tasks, with optimization across both pre-training and post-training stages. During pre-training, we enhance the data preprocessing pipeline and employ a three-stage data mixing…

Recent advances in Multi-Modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have enabled unified processing of language, vision, and structured inputs, opening the door to complex tasks such as logical deduction, spatial reasoning, and scientific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Guiyao Tie , Xueyang Zhou , Tianhe Gu , Ruihang Zhang , Chaoran Hu , Sizhe Zhang , Mengqu Sun , Yan Zhang , Pan Zhou , Lichao Sun

With the advent of DeepSeek-R1, a new wave of reinforcement learning (RL) methods has emerged that seem to unlock stronger mathematical reasoning. However, a closer look at the open-source ecosystem reveals a critical limitation: with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Prasanna Mayilvahanan , Ricardo Dominguez-Olmedo , Thaddäus Wiedemer , Wieland Brendel

The development of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has seen significant advancements with increasing demands in various fields (e.g., multimodal agents, embodied intelligence). While model-driven approaches attempt to enhance MLLMs…

We present DeepSeek-V2, a strong Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) language model characterized by economical training and efficient inference. It comprises 236B total parameters, of which 21B are activated for each token, and supports a context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 DeepSeek-AI , Aixin Liu , Bei Feng , Bin Wang , Bingxuan Wang , Bo Liu , Chenggang Zhao , Chengqi Dengr , Chong Ruan , Damai Dai , Daya Guo , Dejian Yang , Deli Chen , Dongjie Ji , Erhang Li , Fangyun Lin , Fuli Luo , Guangbo Hao , Guanting Chen , Guowei Li , H. Zhang , Hanwei Xu , Hao Yang , Haowei Zhang , Honghui Ding , Huajian Xin , Huazuo Gao , Hui Li , Hui Qu , J. L. Cai , Jian Liang , Jianzhong Guo , Jiaqi Ni , Jiashi Li , Jin Chen , Jingyang Yuan , Junjie Qiu , Junxiao Song , Kai Dong , Kaige Gao , Kang Guan , Lean Wang , Lecong Zhang , Lei Xu , Leyi Xia , Liang Zhao , Liyue Zhang , Meng Li , Miaojun Wang , Mingchuan Zhang , Minghua Zhang , Minghui Tang , Mingming Li , Ning Tian , Panpan Huang , Peiyi Wang , Peng Zhang , Qihao Zhu , Qinyu Chen , Qiushi Du , R. J. Chen , R. L. Jin , Ruiqi Ge , Ruizhe Pan , Runxin Xu , Ruyi Chen , S. S. Li , Shanghao Lu , Shangyan Zhou , Shanhuang Chen , Shaoqing Wu , Shengfeng Ye , Shirong Ma , Shiyu Wang , Shuang Zhou , Shuiping Yu , Shunfeng Zhou , Size Zheng , T. Wang , Tian Pei , Tian Yuan , Tianyu Sun , W. L. Xiao , Wangding Zeng , Wei An , Wen Liu , Wenfeng Liang , Wenjun Gao , Wentao Zhang , X. Q. Li , Xiangyue Jin , Xianzu Wang , Xiao Bi , Xiaodong Liu , Xiaohan Wang , Xiaojin Shen , Xiaokang Chen , Xiaosha Chen , Xiaotao Nie , Xiaowen Sun , Xiaoxiang Wang , Xin Liu , Xin Xie , Xingkai Yu , Xinnan Song , Xinyi Zhou , Xinyu Yang , Xuan Lu , Xuecheng Su , Y. Wu , Y. K. Li , Y. X. Wei , Y. X. Zhu , Yanhong Xu , Yanping Huang , Yao Li , Yao Zhao , Yaofeng Sun , Yaohui Li , Yaohui Wang , Yi Zheng , Yichao Zhang , Yiliang Xiong , Yilong Zhao , Ying He , Ying Tang , Yishi Piao , Yixin Dong , Yixuan Tan , Yiyuan Liu , Yongji Wang , Yongqiang Guo , Yuchen Zhu , Yuduan Wang , Yuheng Zou , Yukun Zha , Yunxian Ma , Yuting Yan , Yuxiang You , Yuxuan Liu , Z. Z. Ren , Zehui Ren , Zhangli Sha , Zhe Fu , Zhen Huang , Zhen Zhang , Zhenda Xie , Zhewen Hao , Zhihong Shao , Zhiniu Wen , Zhipeng Xu , Zhongyu Zhang , Zhuoshu Li , Zihan Wang , Zihui Gu , Zilin Li , Ziwei Xie

Recent advancements in large reasoning models have fueled growing interest in extending such capabilities to multimodal domains. However, despite notable progress in visual reasoning, the lack of transparent and reproducible data curation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Kaichen Zhang , Keming Wu , Zuhao Yang , Bo Li , Kairui Hu , Bin Wang , Ziwei Liu , Xingxuan Li , Lidong Bing

Multimodal large language models have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities in various visual tasks. However, their abilities in K12 scenarios are still systematically underexplored. Previous studies suffer from various limitations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chong Li , Chenglin Zhu , Tao Zhang , Mingan Lin , Zenan Zhou , Jian Xie

Recent Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 and OpenAI o1, have demonstrated strong performance gains by scaling up the length of Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning during inference. However, a growing concern lies in their…

The success of DeepSeek-R1 underscores the significant role of reinforcement learning (RL) in enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs). In this work, we present Skywork-OR1, an effective and scalable RL…